Характеристика устойчивости селекционных линий овса к заражению Fusarium langsethiae и накоплению T-2/HT-2 токсинов

Фузариоз относится к важным заболеваниям овса, поскольку многие виды грибов Fusarium способны продуцировать микотоксины, негативно влияющие на качество зерна. Иммунных к заражению грибами Fusarium зерновых культур нет, однако наблюдаются различия генотипов по степени устойчивости. Целью исследования стала характеристика перспективных линий голозерного овса по устойчивости к зараженности зерна грибами и содержанию фузариотоксинов. Анализировали 13 селекционных линий и два сорта голозерного овса, Немчиновский 61 и Вятский, а также сорт пленчатого овса Яков, которые выращивали на естественном фоне в Федеральном исследовательском центре «Немчиновка» в 2019–2020 гг. Зараженность зерна грибами определяли микологическим методом, а также с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) в реальном времени, анализ микотоксинов выполняли иммуноферментным методом. Проведенные анализы показали, что зерно всех образцов овса было заражено грибами, однако их численность и видовое разнообразие варьировали в зависимости от анализируемого генотипа и года исследований. Микобиоту генотипов овса преимущественно составляли виды родов Alternaria (15–90 % от всех выделенных грибов), Cochliobolus (1–33 %), Cladosporium (1–19 %), Epicoccum (0–11 %) и Fusarium (3–17 %). Основными представителями фузариевых грибов были F. poae, продуцирующий ниваленол, и F. langsethiae, производящий Т-2/НТ-2 токсины. Наибольшее количество ДНК F. langsethiae, а также Т-2/НТ-2 токсинов содержалось в зерне пленчатого сорта Яков и составило (27.9–71.9)×10^–4 пг/нг и 790–1230 мкг/кг соответственно. В зерне анализируемых линий овса содержание ДНК F. langsethiae варьировало в диапазоне (1.2–42.7)×10^–4 пг/нг, Т-2/НТ-2 токсинов – от 5 до 229 мкг/кг. Две линии голозерного овса, 54h2476 и 66h2618, а также новый сорт Азиль (линия 57h2396) можно охарактеризовать в условиях эксперимента как высокоустойчивые к заражению грибами Fusarium и контаминации микотоксинами в сравнении с контролем – сортом Вятский.

1. Batalova G.A., Loskutov I.G., Shevchenko S.N., Zhuikova O.A., Krotova N.V., Tulyakova M.V. On breeding of naked oat cultivar virovets. Russ. Agric. Sci. 2019;45(5):412-415. DOI 10.3103/S1068367419050033.

2. Bjørnstad Å., He X., Tekle S., Klos K., Huang H.F., Tinker N.A., Helge D. Genetic variation and associations involving Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol accumulation in cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.). Plant Breed. 2017;136:1-17. DOI 10.1111/pbr.12502.

3. Boutigny A.-L., Richard-Forget F., Barreau C. Natural mechanisms for cereal resistance to the accumulation of Fusarium trichothecenes. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2008;121:411-423. DOI 10.1007/s10658-007-9266-x.

4. Burkin A.A., Kononenko G.P., Gavrilova O.P., Gagkaeva T.Yu. Mycotoxicological examination of oat grain and products of its processing. In: Current Mycology in Russia. Vol. 5. Proc. III Int. Mycol. Forum, 14‒15 Apr. 2015. Moscow, 2015;221-223. (in Russian)

5. Chrpová J., Palicová J., Štěrbová L., Trávníčková M., Dumalasová V., Chourová M. Resistance against Fusarium head blight in oats. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture. 2020;107(1):49-54. DOI 10.13080/z-a.2020.107.007.

6. De Colli L., De Ruyck K., Abdallah M.F., Finnan J., Mullins E., Kildea S., Spink J., Elliott C., Danaher M. Natural co-occurrence of multiple mycotoxins in unprocessed oats grown in Ireland with various production systems. Toxins. 2021;13(3):188. DOI 10.3390/toxins13030188.

7. Divon H.H., Razzaghian J., Udnes-Aamot H., Klemsdal S.S. Fusarium langsethiae (Torp and Nirenberg), investigation of alternative infection routes in oat. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2012;132:147-161. DOI 10.1007/s10658-011-9858-3.

8. Ellis M.B. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Kew, 1971.

9. Foroud N.A., Baines D., Gagkaeva T.Yu., Thakor N., Badea A., Steiner B., Bürstmayr M., Bürstmayr H. Trichothecenes in cereal grains – an update. Toxins. 2019;11(11):634. DOI 10.3390/toxins11110634.

10. Fredlund E., Gidlund A., Sulyok M., Börjesson T., Krska R., Olsen M., Lindblad M. Deoxynivalenol and other selected Fusarium toxins in Swedish oats – occurrence and correlation to specific Fusarium species. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2013;167(2):276-283. DOI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.06.026.

11. Gagkaeva T.Yu., Gavrilova O.P., Loskutov I.G., Blinova E.V., Anikina L.V. Evaluation of oat accessions from the VIR collection for Fusarium head blight resistance. In: Catalogue of World VIR Collection. Vol. 808. St. Petersburg, 2012. (in Russian)

12. Gagkaeva T.Yu., Gavrilova O.P., Orina A.S., Blinova E.V., Loskutov I.G. Response of wild Avena species to fungal infection of grain. Crop J. 2017;5(6):499-508. DOI 10.1016/j.cj.2017.04.005.

13. Gagkaeva T.Yu., Gavrilova O.P., Yli-Mattila T., Loskutov I.G. The sources of resistance to Fusarium head blight in VIR oat collection. Euphytica. 2013;191(3):355-364. DOI 10.1007/s10681-013-0865-7.

14. Gannibal Ph.B. Factors affecting Alternaria appearance in grains in European Russia. Agricultural Biology (Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologia). 2018;53(3):605-615. DOI 10.15389/agrobiology.2018.3.605eng.

15. Gavrilova O.P., Gannibal Ph.B., Gagkaeva T.Yu. Fusarium and Alternaria fungi in grain of oats grown in the North-Western Russia regarding cultivar specificity. Agricultural Biology (Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologia). 2016;51(1):111-118. DOI 10.15389/agrobiology.2016.1.111eng.

16. Gerlach W., Nirenberg H.I. The Genus Fusarium – a Pictorial Atlas. Berlin, 1982.

17. Hautsalo J., Jauhiainen L., Hannukkala A., Manninen O., Veteläinen M., Pietilä L., Peltoniemi K., Jalli M. Resistance to Fusarium head blight in oats based on analyses of multiple field and greenhouse studies. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2020;158:15-33. DOI 10.1007/s10658-020-02039-0.

18. Hautsalo J., Latvala S., Manninen O., Haapalainen M., Hannukkala A., Jalli M. Two oat genotypes with different field resistance to Fusarium head blight respond similarly to the infection at spikelet level. J. Plant Pathol. 2021;103:299-304. DOI 10.1007/s42161-020-00670-8.

19. He X., Skinnes H., Oliver R.E., Jackson E.W., Bjørnstad Å. Linkage mapping and identification of QTL affecting deoxynivalenol (DON) content (Fusarium resistance) in oats (Avena sativa L.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 2013;126:2655-2670. DOI 10.1007/s00122-013-2163-0.

20. Hofgaard I.S., Aamot H.U., Torp T., Jestoi M., Lattanzio V.M.T., Klemsdal S.S., Waalwijk C., Van der Lee T., Brodal G. Associations between Fusarium species and mycotoxins in oat and spring wheat from farmers’ fields in Norway over a six-year period. World Mycotoxin J. 2016;9:365-378. DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00556.

21. Imathiu S.M., Ray R.V., Back M.I., Hare M.C., Edwards S.G. A survey investigating the infection of Fusarium langsethiae and production of HT-2 and T-2 mycotoxins in UK oat fields. J. Phytopathol. 2013;161(7-8):553-561. DOI 10.1111/jph.12105.

22. Isachkova O.A., Ganitchev B.L., Loginova A.O. Resistance of hulless oats to smut fungi in Western Siberia. Sibirskiy Vestnik Sel’skokhozyaistvennoy Nauki = Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science. 2019;49(3):55-61. DOI 10.26898/0370-8799-2019-3-7. (in Russian)

23. Isidro-Sánchez J., D’Arcy Cusack K., Verheecke-Vaessen C., Kahla A., Bekele W., Doohan F., Magan N., Medina A. Genome-wide association mapping of Fusarium langsethiae infection and mycotoxin accumulation in oat (Avena sativa L.). Plant Genome. 2020; 13(2):e20023. DOI 10.1002/tpg2.20023.

24. Kabashov A.D., Kolupaeva A.S., Leibovich Ya.G., Razumovskaya L.G., Filonenko Z.V. Preliminary results of hull-less oats breeding. Selektsiya, Semenovodstvo i Genetika = Breeding, Seed Production and Genetics. 2018;4(4):20-24. DOI 10.24411/2413-4112-2018-10003. (in Russian)

25. Karakotov S.D., Arshava N.V., Bashkatova M.B. Monitoring and control of wheat diseases in the Southern Trans-Urals. Zashchita i Karantin Rasteniy = Plant Protection and Quarantine. 2019;(7): 18-25. (in Russian)

26. Kazakova O.A., Toropova E.Yu., Vorobyeva I.G. The interrelations between phytopathogens of barley seeds in Western Siberia. APK Rossii = Agro-Industrial Complex of Russia. 2016;23(5):931-934. (in Russian)

27. Kobylyansky V.D., Soldatov V.N. (Eds.). Flora of Cultivated Plants. Vol. 2. Part 3. Oats. Moscow: Kolos Publ., 1994. (in Russian)

28. Kononenko G.P., Burkin А.А., Zotova Ye.V. Mycotoxilogical monitoring. Part 2. Wheat, barley, oat and maize grain. Vet. Microbiol. 2020;2(33):139-145. DOI 10.29326/2304-196X-2020-2-33-139-145.

29. Kosiak B., Torp M., Skjerve E., Andersen B. Alternaria and Fusarium in Norwegian grains of reduced quality ‒ a matched pair sample study. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2004;93(1):51-62. DOI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.10.006.

30. Kurowski T.P., Wysocka U. Fungal communities colonizing grain of hulled and naked oat grown under organic farming system. Phytopathologia. 2009;54:53-59.

31. Loskutov I.G., Blinova E.V., Gavrilova O.P., Gagkaeva T.Yu. The valuable characteristics of oats genotypes and resistance to Fusarium disease. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2016;20(3):286-294. DOI 10.18699/VJ16.151. (in Russian)

32. Loskutov I.G., Shelenga T.V., Konarev A.V., Vargach Yu.I., Porokhovinova E.A., Blinova E.V., Gnutikov A.A., Rodionov A.V. Modern approach of structuring the variety diversity of the naked and covered forms of cultural oats (Avena sativa L.). Ecol. Genet. 2020; 18(1): 27-41. DOI 10.17816/ecogen12977.

33. Martin C., Schöneberg T., Vogelgsang S., Mendes Ferreira C.S., Morisoli R., Bertossa M., Bucheli T., Mauch-Mani B., Mascher F. Responses of oat grains to Fusarium poae and F. langsethiae infections and mycotoxin contaminations. Toxins. 2018;10:47. DOI 10.3390/toxins10010047.

34. Martinelli J.A., Chaves M.S., Graichen F.A.S., Federizzi L.C., Dresch L.F. Impact of Fusarium head blight in reducing the weight of oat grains. J. Agric. Sci. 2014;6(5):188-198. DOI 10.5539/jas.v6n5p188.

35. Mesterhazy A., Bartok T., Kaszonyi G., Varga M., Toth M., Varga J. Common resistance to different Fusarium spp. causing Fusarium head blight in wheat. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2005;112:267-281. DOI 10.1007/s10658-005-2853-9.

36. Mishen’kina O.G., Zakharov V.G. New high-productive, valuable for the quality of the oats varieties for safe food products manufacturing. Zernobobovye i Krupyanye Kul’tury = Legumes and Groat Crops. 2017;(4):91-95. (in Russian)

37. Opoku N., Back M., Edwards S.G. Development of Fusarium langsethiae in commercial cereal production. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2013;136:159-170. DOI 10.1007/s10658-012-0151-x.

38. Orina A.S., Gavrilova O.P., Gagkaeva T.Yu. Adaptation of the quantitative PCR method for the detection of the main representatives of cereal grain mycobiota. MIR J. 2018;5(1):78-83. DOI 10.18527/2500-2236-2018-5-1-78-83.

39. Orina A.S., Gavrilova O.P., Gagkaeva T.Yu., Gannibal Ph.B. Micromycetes Alternaria spp. and Bipolaris sorokiniana and mycotoxins in the grain from the Ural region. Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya = Mycology and Phytopathology. 2020;54(5):365-377. DOI 10.31857/S0026364820050086. (in Russian)

40. Orina A.S., Gavrilova O.P., Gagkaeva T.Yu., Loskutov I.G. Symbiotic relationships between aggressive Fusarium and Alternaria fungi colonizing oat grain. Agricultural Biology (Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya). 2017;52(5):986-994. DOI 10.15389/agrobiology.2017.5.986eng.

41. Samson R.A., Hoekstra E.S., Frisvad J.C., Filtenborg O. Introduction to Food- and Airborne Fungi. Utrecht, 2002.

42. Schöneberg T., Jenny E., Wettstein F.E., Bucheli T.D., Mascher F., Bertossa M., Musa T., Seifert K., Gräfenhan T., Keller B., Vogelgsang S. Occurrence of Fusarium species and mycotoxins in Swiss oats ‒ impact of cropping factors. Eur. J. Agron. 2018;92:123-132. DOI 10.1016/j.eja.2017.09.004.

43. Tekauz A.B., Mitchell Fetch J.W., Rossnagel B.G., Savard M.E. Progress in assessing the impacy of Fusarium head blight on oat in western Canada and screening of avena germplasm for resistance. Cereal Res. Commun. 2008;36(8):49-56. DOI 10.1556/CRC.36.2008.Suppl.B.8.

44. Tekle S., Dill-Macky R., Skinnes H., Tronsmo A.M., Bjørnstad Å. Infection process of Fusarium graminearum in oats (Avena sativa L.). Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2012;132:431-442. DOI 10.1007/s10658-011-9888-x.

45. Tekle S., Lillemo M., Skinnes H., Reitan L., Buraas T., Bjørnstad Å. Screening of oat accessions for Fusarium head blight resistance using spawn-inoculated field experiments. Crop Sci. 2018;58: 143-151. DOI 10.2135/cropsci2017.04.0264.

46. Torp M., Nirenberg H.I. Fusarium langsethiae sp. nov. on cereals in Europe. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2004;95:247-256. DOI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.12.014.

47. Vargach Yu.I., Golovin S.E., Loskutov I.G. Research on micromycetes in oats (Avena sativa L.) under the conditions of Stupino district, Moscow province. Trudy po Prikladnoy Botanike, Genetike i Selektsii = Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding. 2019;180(3):96-105. DOI 10.30901/2227-8834-2019-3-96-105. (in Russian)

48. Willforss J., Leonova S., Tillander J., Andreasson E., Marttila S., Olsson O., Chawade A., Levander F. Interactive proteogenomic exploration of response to Fusarium head blight in oat varieties with different resistance. J. Proteomics. 2020;218:103688. DOI 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103688.

49. Yan W., Fregeau-Reid J., Rioux S., Pageau D., Xue A., Martin R., Fedak G., de Haan B., Lajeunesse J., Savard M. Response of oat genotypes to Fusarium head blight in Eastern Canada. Crop Sci. 2010;50:134-142. DOI 10.2135/cropsci2009.03.0129.

50. Yli-Mattila T., Paavanen-Huhtala S., Jestoi M., Parikka P., Hietaniemi V., Gagkaeva T., Sarlin T., Haikara A., Laaksonen S., Rizzo A. Real-time PCR detection and quantification of Fusarium poae, F. graminearum, F. sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae in cereal grains in Finland and Russia. Arch. Phytopathol. Plant Protect. 2008;41(4):243-260. DOI 10.1080/03235400600680659.

51. Zhuikova O.A., Batalova G.A. Analysis of the main diseases of hulled oat varieties in the nursery for competitive trials of the Federal Agrarian Center of the Northeast. In: Int. Conf. “Methods and Technologies in Plant Breeding and Crop Industry”. Apr. 1‒5, 2019. Kirov, Russia. Kirov, 2019;21-24. (in Russian)

52. Zhuikova O.A., Gradoboeva T.P., Batalova G.A. Effectiveness of infectious backgrounds in evaluating oat for resistance to fungal diseases. Rossiiskaya Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Nauka = Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2020;(3):10-13. DOI 10.31857/S2500262720030035. (in Russian)