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Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции

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Пребридинговое изучение интрогрессивных линий яровой мягкой пшеницы, несущих комбинации Sr22+Sr25 и Sr35+Sr25 генов устойчивости к стеблевой ржавчине

https://doi.org/10.18699/VJ21.081

Аннотация

Гены Sr22, Sr35 и Sr25 привлекают внимание селекционеров мягкой пшеницы эффективностью против расы Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Ug99 и ее биотипов. К настоящему времени защитный эффект комбинаций генов Sr22+Sr25 и Sr35+Sr25 не исследован, неизвестно их влияние на агрономические показатели. В представленной работе эти показатели изучены с использованием линий яровой мягкой пшеницы Л503/W3534//Л503 (Sr22+Sr25) и Л503/Sr35//Л503/3/Л503 (Sr35+Sr25). Линии оценивали на устойчивость: к P. graminis f. sp. tritici в условиях естественных эпифитотий 2016–2020 гг., а также к саратовской, лысогорской и омской популяциям патогена и к изолятам гриба, PgtZ1 (TKSTF) и PgtF18.6, – в лабораторных условиях (TKSTF+Sr33). С помощью молекулярных маркеров подтверждено наличие изучаемых Sr-генов. Выявлена высокая эффективность комбинации генов Sr22+Sr25 как при естественных эпифитотиях патогена, так и в лабораторных исследованиях. Комбинация Sr35+Sr25 оказалась неэффективной. В среднем за 2018–2020 гг. у линий с обеими комбинациями генов отмечено понижение массы 1000 зерен и увеличение периода «всходы–колошение». У линии с комбинацией генов Sr22+Sr25 обнаружены незначительные эффекты на показатели клейковины и упругость теста, но отношение упругости теста к растяжимости было выше, а сила муки, пористость и объем хлеба – ниже; у линии с комбинацией Sr35+Sr25 количество клейковины ниже, но крепость, упругость теста и отношение упругости теста к растяжимости выше, сила муки и пористость хлеба на уровне реципиента, но объем хлеба ниже.

 

Об авторах

С. Н. Сибикеев
Федеральный аграрный научный центр Юго-Востока
Россия

Саратов



О. А. Баранова
Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растений
Россия

Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург



А. Е. Дружин
Федеральный аграрный научный центр Юго-Востока
Россия

Саратов



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