ВЛИЯНИЕ ОТДЕЛЬНЫХ УЧАСТКОВ ХРОМОСОМ TRITICUM TIMOPHEEVII НА ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ К БОЛЕЗНЯМ И КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННЫЕ ПРИЗНАКИ МЯГКОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ

Проведена оценка влияния фрагментов интрогрессии Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. (2n = 28, AtAtGG) и их комбинаций на устойчивость к бурой и стеблевой ржавчине, мучнистой росе и ряду количественных признаков у 15 интрогрессивных линий мягкой пшеницы. Анализ интрогрессивных линий молекулярно-генетическими и цитологическими методами продемонстрировал эффективность комплексного использования различных типов маркеров для детальной характеристики гибридных форм и выявления различных транслокаций и замещений. Оценка линий по устойчивости к грибным болезням показала, что линии, содержащие в геноме интрогрессивный фрагмент хромосомы 5G, являются полностью устойчивыми к популяциям бурой ржавчины Западной Сибири и стеблевой ржавчины, типичной для Омской области. Линии 3862-5 и 3862-15, содержащие в геноме фрагмент длинного плеча хромосомы 2G, были устойчивыми к популяции стеблевой ржавчины Западной Сибири. Интрогрессивные линии были изучены по ряду количественных признаков. У всех изученных линий не отмечено негативного влияния чужеродного материала на урожайность и другие количественные признаки, что позволяет их использовать в селекции в качестве доноров устойчивости к грибным заболеваниям. Кроме того, установлено положительное влияние фрагментов хромосомы 2G T. timopheevii на признак озерненности колоса.

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