Комбинационная способность количественных признаков, связанных с продуктивностью твердой пшеницы

Настоящее исследование направлено на определение характера действия генов и комбинационной способности твердой пшеницы по шести количественным признакам для пяти сортов и десяти гибридных комбинаций. В исследование были включены пять современных сортов твердой пшеницы в качестве родителей при диаллельном скрещивании. Изучены три поколения F1 и два поколения F2. Эксперименты выполнены в рандомизированном блочном дизайне в трех повторeниях в течение трех лет. Выявлены достоверные различия между генотипами по всем изучаемым признакам в обоих поколениях. Общая комбинационная способность и специфическая комбинационная способность показали достоверные отличия в обоих поколениях. Полученные результаты позволяют предположить, что селекционная схема должна учитывать оба типа генетических эффектов для улучшения элементов продуктивности. Соотношение дисперсий демонстрирует, что общая комбинационная способность больше влияет на наследуемость признаков «высота растения», «длина колоса» и «масса 1000 зерен». Для признаков «продуктивная кустистость», «число колосков в колосе» и «масса зерен в колосе» большее влияние на наследование оказывает специфическая комбинационная способность. Для массы 1000 зерен в обоих поколениях установлено переопределение генетических формул. Лучшими общими комбинаторами по элементам продуктивности одновременно по нескольким признакам являются сорта Дени, Супердур и Прогрес. Самые ценные комбинации скрещиваний по нескольким признакам – Дени × Супердур, Супердур × Предел и Прогрес × Предел. Эти сорта и комбинации можно использовать для улучшения признаков продуктивности и повышения урожайности в программах селекции твердой пшеницы.

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