ГЕНЫ, ДЕТЕРМИНИРУЮЩИЕ ОКРАСКУ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ОРГАНОВ ПШЕНИЦЫ

Окраска некоторых органов пшеницы имеет адаптивное значение. Признаки окраски широко используются в таксономии и для паспортизации сортов пшеницы, а также являются удобной моделью для генетических и молекулярно-генетических исследований. В обзоре представлены данные по хромосомной локализации, генетическому картированию и структурно-функциональной организации всех известных генов, определяющих окраску у пшеницы. К настоящему времени определена локализация около 30 генов пшеницы, детерминирующих окраску различных органов. Данные гены представлены главным образом гомеологичными локусами в геномах А, В и D, большинство из которых расположены в ген-богатых районах 1S0.8 и 7S0.4 генома пшеницы. Сравнительное картирование у разных видов злаков указывает на то, что ортологичные гены, контролирующие окраску, могут как встречаться у отдельных представителей (гомеологичный ряд генов Rg выявлен только у пшениц и эгилопсов , R – у пшениц, эгилопсов и ржи), так и быть широко представленными во всем семействе злаков (гены, определяющие фенотип по признакам антоциановой окраски). Данные по сравнительному картированию в сочетании с результатами последних работ, направленных на клонирование и исследование функции генов, детерминирующих окраску органов пшеницы, дают основание считать, что эти гены относятся к семействам Myb- и Myc-подобных генов, кодирующих активаторы транскрипции структурных генов биосинтеза флавоноидных пигментов у растений.

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