Молекулярно-генетический и цитогенетический анализ интрогрессии хромосом хлопчатника Gossypium barbadense L. в геном G. hirsutum L. у гибридов BC₂F₁

Линии хлопчатника Gossypium hirsutum L. с чужеродным замещением хромосом тетраплоидных видов G. barbadense L., G. tomentosum Nutt. ex Seem., G. mustelinum Miers ex Watt. являются ценным источником для селекции, увеличивающим генетическое разнообразие G. hirsutum. Замещение определенных хромосом хлопчатника вида G. hirsutum L. хромосомами вида G. barbadense оказывает влияние на удлинение, выход и прочность волокна, микронейр. Для повышения эффективности процесса создания линий необходимо изучение характера интрогрессии чужеродных хромосом в геном G. hirsutum L. В результате молекулярно-генетического анализа гибридов BC₂F₁, полученных от скрещиваний моносомных линий хлопчатника G. hirsutum цитогенетической коллекции Узбекистана с моносомными беккроссными гибридами BC₁F₁ G. hirsutum × G. barbadense по одинаковым хромосомам, обнаружены генетические различия по профилю хромосом-специфичных микросателлитных SSR-маркеров между гибридами. Выявлена преимущественная интрогрессия хромосом 4, 6, 12 A_t-субгенома и 22 D_t-субгенома G. barbadense, тогда как хромосомы 2, 7 A_t-субгенома и 18 D_t-субгенома G. barbadense характеризовались элиминацией, среди них хромосомы 7 A_t-субгенома и 18 D_t-субгенома G. barbadense элиминировали уже в первом беккроссном поколении. В настоящей работе проанализированы две линии, CS-B06 и CS-B07, американской цитогенетической коллекции с предполагаемым замещением по хромосомам 6 и 7 А_t-субгенома. Обнаружены присутствие только полиморфных аллелей вида G. hirsutum и отсутствие полиморфных аллелей вида G. barbadense, что показало отсутствие замещения по этим хромосомам. Гибриды BC₂F₁ с моносомией как по хромосомам G. barbadense, так и по хромосомам G. hirsutum характеризовались регулярной конъюгацией хромосом и высоким мейотическим индексом. Однако многие гибриды отличались снижением фертильности пыльцы. Два гибрида с моносомией по хромосоме 7 A_t-субгенома G. hirsutum и хромосоме 6 A_t-субгенома G. barbadense имели наибольшую редукцию в жизнеспособности пыльцы (70.09 ± 1.57 и 75.00 ± 1.66 % соответственно). Таким образом, в этой работе показана особенность в интрогрессии индивидуальных хромосом хлопчатника вида G. barbadense в геном хлопчатника G. hirsutum.

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