Оценка генетического разнообразия глиадинкодирующих локусов у образцов яровой пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.), созданных в различных селекционных центрах Казахстана и России

Изучение генетических ресурсов с использованием полиморфизма проламинов сортообразцов пшеницы из стран с различными климатическими условиями позволяет выявить и проследить предпочтительность отбора аллелей глиадинкодирующих локусов, характерных для конкретных условий. Цель исследования – определить «глиадиновый профиль» коллекции яровой мягкой пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.) из селекционных центров России и Казахстана на основе изучения генетического разнообразия аллельных вариантов глиадинкодирующих локусов. Проведен расчет внутрипопуляционного (μ ± S_μ) и генетического (Н) разнообразия, доли редких аллелей (h ± S_h), критерия идентичности (I) и генетического сходства (r) яровой мягкой пшеницы из  восьми селекционных центров России и Казахстана. Установлено, что наибольшим внутрипопуляционным разнообразием аллелей глиадина отличались образцы яровой мягкой пшеницы, созданные в Костанайской (Карабалыкская СХОС, Казахстан) и Челябинской (Челябинский НИИСХ, Россия) областях. Доля редких аллелей (h) по локусам Gli-В1 и Gli-D1 оказалась максимальной у сортов пшеницы селекции НИИСХ Юго-Востока (Саратовская область, Россия), что объясняется высокой частотой встречаемости аллелей Gli-В1е (86 %) и Gli-D1a (89.9 %). Статистически доказано, что изученные образцы яровой мягкой пшеницы из разных областей Казахстана и России отличаются друг от друга по глиадинкодирующим локусам на основе критерия идентичности (I). Наибольшее значение I = 619.0 установлено при сравнении образцов пшеницы, происходящих из Костанайской и Саратовской областей, а минимальное I = 114.4 отмечено для сортов пшеницы из Тюменской и Челябинской областей. Выявлены аллели глиадина, которые были идентифицированы только образцах, созданных в определенных регионах. Сочетание аллелей Gli-А1f, Gli-B1e, Gli-Da идентифицировано у большинства образцов пшеницы Казахстана и России. Аллели Gli-A1f, Gli-A1i, Gli-A1m, Gli-A1o, Gli-B1e, Gli-D1a, Gli-D1f, Gli-A2q, Gli-B2o и Gli-D2a оказались характерными и с различной частотой встречались в сортах пшеницы восьми областей России и Казахстана. Наибольший внутрисортовой полиморфизм (51.1 %) наблюдался у сортов пшеницы селекции СибНИИСХ (О мская область, Россия), а наименьший (16.6 %) – у образцов Павлодарской СХОС (Павлодарская область, Казахстан). На основе частот встречаемости аллелей составлен «глиадиновый профиль» пшеницы из разных областей и селекционных учреждений России и Казахстана, который может быть использован для подбора родительских пар в селекционном процессе, контроле сортов при репродукции, а также для установления сортовой чистоты.

1. Autran J.C., Bushuk W., Wrigley C.W., Zillman R.R. Wheat cultivar identification by gliadin electrophoregrams. IV. Comparison of international methods. Cereal Foods World. 1979;24(9):471-475

2. Barley. UPOV Code(s): HORDE_VUL, Hordeum vulgare L. Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability. Geneva: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, 2018. Available at: https://www.upov.int/edocs/tgdocs/en/tg019.pdf

3. Branlard G., Dardevet M., Amiour N., Igrejas G. Allelic diversity of HMW and LMW glutenin subunits and omega-gliadins in French bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. 2003; 50:669-679. DOI 10.1023/A:1025077005401

4. Chebotar S.V., Blagodarova E.M., Kurakina E.A., Semenyuk I.V., Polishchuk A.M., Kozub N.A., Sozinov I.A., Khokhlov A.N., Ribalka A.I., Sivolap Yu.M. Genetic polymorphism of loci determining bread making quality in Ukrainian wheat varieties. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2012;16(1):87-98 (in Russian)

5. Chernakov V.M., Metakovsky E.V. Diversity of gliadin-coding locus allelic variants and evaluation of genetic similarity of common wheat varieties from different breeding centers. Genetika = Genetics (Moscow). 1994;30(4):509-517 (in Russian)

6. Cox T.S., Raupp W.J., Gill B.S. Leaf rust-resistance genes Lr41, Lr42, and Lr43 transferred from Triticum tauschii to common wheat. Crop Sci. 1994;34(2):339-343. DOI 10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183 X003400020005x

7. Czarnecki E.M., Lukow O.M. Linkage of stem rust resistance gene Sr33 and the gliadin (Gli-D1) locus on chromosome 1DS. Genome. 1992;35(4):565-568. DOI 10.1139/g92-084

8. Demichelis M., Vanzetti L.S., Crescente J.M., Nisi M.M., Pflüger L., Bainotti C.T., Helguera M. Significant effects in bread-making quali ty associated with the gene cluster Glu-D3/Gli-D1 from the bread wheat cultivar Prointa Guazú. Cereal Res. Commun. 2019; 47(1):111-122. DOI 10.1556/0806.46.2018.055

9. Dobrotvorskaya T.V., Dragovich A.Yu., Martynov S.P., Pukhal’skii V.A. Genealogical and statistical analyses of the inheritance of gliadincoding alleles in a model set of common wheat Triticum aestivum L. cultivars. Russ. J. Genet. 2009;45(6):685-695. DOI 10.1134/S1022795409060088

10. GRIS – Genetic Resources Information System for Wheat and Triticale. 2017. Avialiable at: http://www.wheatpedigree.net/

11. Hsam N.O., Kowalczyk K., Zeller F.J., Hsam S.L. Characterization of powdery mildew resistance and linkage studies involving the Pm3 locus on chromosome 1A of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J. Appl. Genet. 2015;56(1):37-44. DOI 10.1007/s13353-014-0236-7

12. Kakaei M., Ahmadian S. Genetic diversity study of some Iranian alfalfa genotypes based on seed storage proteins patterns. Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. A Sci. 2021;45(4):1223-1228. DOI 10.1007/s40995-021-01142-z

13. Kaur R., Kaur R., Sharma N., Kumari N., Khanna R., Singh G. Protein profiling in a set of wild rice species and rice cultivars: a stepping stone to protein quality improvement. Cereal Res. Commun. 2023; 51:163-177. DOI 10.1007/s42976-022-00273-2

14. Khrunov A.A., Fisenko A.V., Beletsky S.L., Dragovich A.Yu. Study of the relationship between the composition of gliadins and economically valuable traits of common wheat. Izvestiya Timiryazevskoj Sel’skohozyajstvennoj Akademii = Izvestiya of Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. 2011;2:11-19 (in Russian)

15. Kozub N.A., Sozinov I.A., Sobko T.A., Kolyuchii V.T., Kuptsov S.V., Sozinov A.A. Variation at storage protein loci in winter common wheat cultivars of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Cytol. Genet. 2009;43(1):55-62. DOI 10.3103/S0095452709010101

16. Kozub N.A., Sozinov I.A., Sobko T.A., Dedkova O.S., Badaeva E.D., Netsvetaev V.P. Rye translocations in the varieties of winter common wheat. Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya = Agricultural Biology. 2012;47(3):68-74. DOI 10.15389/agrobiology.2012.3.68eng

17. Kunanbayev K., Churkina G., Filonov V., Utebayev M., Rukavitsina I. Influence of cultivation technology on the productivity of spring wheat and the humus state of Southern carbonate soils of N orthern Kazakhstan. J. Ecol. Eng. 2022;23(3):49-58. DOI 10.12911/22998993/145459

18. Laboratory Analysis of Wheat Seed Proteins. Technological instruction. Moscow, 2013 (in Russian)

19. Li Y., Song Y., Zhou R., Branlard G., Jia J. Detection of QTLs for breadmaking quality in wheat using a recombinant inbred line population. Plant Breed. 2009;128(3):235-243. DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2008.01578.x

20. Lyubimova A.V., Tobolova G.V., Eremin D.I., Loskutov I.G. Dynamics of genetic diversity of oat varieties in the Tyumen region at avenincoding loci. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2020;24(2):123-130. DOI 10.18699/VJ20.607

21. Ma G., Li Q., Li S., Liu Z., Cui Y., Zhang J., Liu D. Genetic diversity and classification of chinese elite foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.] revealed by acid-PAGE prolamin. Agric. Sci. 2022;13(3):

22. -428. DOI 10.4236/as.2022.133028

23. Masci S., Rovelli L., Kasarda D.D., Vensel W.H., Lafiandra D. Characterisation and chromosomal localisation of C-type low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in the bread wheat cultivar Chinese Spring. Theor. Appl. Genet. 2002;104(2-3):422-428. DOI 10.1007/s001220100761

24. McIntosh R.A., Devos K.M., Dubkovsky J., Morris C.F., Rogers W.J. Catalogue of Gene Symbols for Wheat. Supplement. 2003. Available at: https://wheat.pw.usda.gov/ggpages/wgc/2003upd.html

25. Melnikova N.V., Kudryavtseva A.V., Kudryavtsev A.M. Catalogue of alleles of gliadin-coding loci in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Biochimie. 2012;94(2):551-557. DOI 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.09.004

26. Metakovsky E.V. Gliadin allele identification in common wheat. II. Cataloque of gliadin alleles in common wheat. J. Genet. Breed. 1991; 45(4):325-344

27. Metakovsky E.V., Branlard G. Genetic diversity of French common wheat germplasm based on gliadin alleles. Theor. Appl. Genet. 1998; 96:209-218. DOI 10.1007/s001220050729

28. Metakovsky E.V., Novoselskaya A.Yu. Gliadin allele identification in common wheat. I. Methodological aspects of the analysis of gliadin pattern by one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J. Genet Breed. 1991;45(4):317-324

29. Metakovsky E.V., Wrigley C.W., Bekes F., Gupta R.B. Gluten polypeptides as useful genetic markers of dough quality in Australian wheats. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 1990;41(2):289-306. DOI 10.1071/AR9900289

30. Metakovsky E.V., Pogva N.E., Blancardi A.M., Redaelli R. Gliadin allele composition of common wheat cultivars grown in Italy. J. Gen. Breed. 1994;48(1):55-66

31. Metakovsky E.V., Annicchiarico P., Boggini G.E., Pogna N.E. Relationship between gliadin alleles and dough strength in Italian bread wheat cultivars. J. Cereal Sci. 1997;25(3):229-236. DOI 10.1006/jcrs.1996.0088

32. Metakovsky E.V., Gómez M., Vázquez J.F., Carrillo J.M. High genetic diversity of Spanish common wheats as judged from gliadin alleles. Plant Breed. 2000;119(1):37-42. DOI 10.1046/j.1439-0523.2000.00450.x

33. Metakovsky E., Melnik V., Rodriguez-Quijano M., Upelniek V., Carrillo J.M. A catalog of gliadin alleles: polymorphism of 20th-century common wheat germplasm. Crop J. 2018;6(6):628-641. DOI 10.1016/j.cj.2018.02.003

34. Metakovsky E., Melnik V.A., Pascual L., Wrigley C.W. Gliadin genotypes worldwide for spring wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) 1. Genetic diversity and grain-quality gliadin alleles during the 20th century. J. Cereal Sci. 2019;87:172-177. DOI 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.03.008

35. Metakovsky E., Melnik V., Pascual L., Wrigley C.W. Over 40 % of 450 registered wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum) worldwide are composed of multiple biotypes. J. Cereal Sci. 2020;96:103088. DOI 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.103088

36. MN-01-03/001:2000 – Blé – Identification des varieties par électrophorèse. In: Les projets de normes, adoptés par le Conseil National de Normalisation et de Contrôle de Qualité lors de la session du 20 décembre 2000, sont homologués comme normes maliennes. Bamako, 2001

37. Nei M. Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1973;70(12):3321-3323. DOI 10.1073/pnas.70.12.3321

38. Nieto-Taladriz M.T., Perretant M.R., Rousset M. Effect of gliadins and HMW and LMW subunits of glutenin on dough properties in the F6 recombinant inbred lines from a bread wheat cross. Theor. Appl. Genet. 1994;88(1):81-88. DOI 10.1007/BF00222398

39. Nikolaev A.A., Pukhal’sky V.A., Upelniek V.P. Genetic diversity of local spring bread wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) of West and East Siberia in gliadin genes. Russ. J. Genet. 2009;45(2):189-197. DOI 10.1134/S1022795409020094

40. Noma S., Hayakawa K., Abe C., Suzuki S., Kawaura K. Contribution of α-gliadin alleles to the extensibility of flour dough in Japanese wheat cultivars. J. Cereal Sci. 2019;86:15-21. DOI 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.12.017

41. Novoselskaya-Dragovich A.Y., Krupnov V.A., Saifulin R.A., Pukhalskiy V.A. Dynamics of genetic variation at gliadin-coding loci in Saratov cultivars of common wheat Triticum aestivum L. over eight decades of scientific breeding. Russ. J. Genet. 2003;39(10):11301137. DOI 10.1023/A:1026170709964

42. Novoselskaya-Dragovich A.Y., Fisenko A.V., Yankovsky N.K., Kudryavtsev A.M., Yang Q., Lu Z., Wang D. Genetic diversity of storage protein genes in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars from China and its comparison with genetic diversity of cultivars from other countries. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. 2011;58(4):533-543. DOI 10.1007/s10722-010-9596-y

43. Novoselskaya-Dragovich A.Y., Fisenko A.V., Puhal’skii V.A. Genetic differentiation of common wheat cultivars using multiple alleles of gliadin coding loci. Russ. J. Genet. 2013;49(5):487-496. DOI 10.1134/S1022795413020087

44. Novoselskaya-Dragovich A.Yu., Bespalova L.A., Shishkina A.A., Melnik V.A., Upelniek V.P., Fisenko A.V., Dedova L.V., Kudryavtsev A.M. Genetic diversity of common wheat varieties at the gliadin-coding loci. Russ. J. Genet. 2015;51(3):323-333. DOI 10.1134/ S1022795415030102

45. Salavati A., Sameri H., Boushehri A.A.S., Yazdi-Samadi B. Evaluation of genetic diversity in Iranian landrace wheat Triticum aestivum L. by using gliadin alleles. Asian J. Plant Sci. 2008;7(5):440-446. DOI 10.3923/ajps.2008.440.446

46. Sharma A., Sheikh I., Kumar R., Kumar K., Vyas P., Dhaliwal H.S. Evaluation of end use quality and root traits in wheat cultivars associated with 1RS.1BL translocation. Euphytica. 2018;214(4):62. DOI 10.1007/s10681-018-2144-0

47. Shavrukov Y., Suchecki R., Eliby S., Abugalieva A., Kenebayev S., Langridge P. Application of next-generation sequencing technology to study genetic diversity and identify unique SNP markers in bread wheat from Kazakhstan. BMC Plant Biol. 2014;14:258. DOI 10.1186/s12870-014-0258-7

48. Sozinov A.A. Protein Polymorphism and its Significance in Genetics and Breeding. Moscow, 1985 (in Russian)

49. Sozinov A.A., Poperelya F.A. Genetic classification of prolamins and its use for plant breeding. Ann. Technol. Agric. 1980;29(2):229-245

50. ST RK 3323-2018. Seeds of Wheat. Identification of varieties by electrophoresis. Astana, 2018 (in Russian)

51. Upelniek V.P., Brezhneva T.A., Dadashev S.Y., Novozhilova O.A., Molkanova O.I., Semikhov V.F. On the use of alleles of gliadincoding loci as possible adaptability markers in the spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars during seed germination. Russ. J. Genet. 2003;39(12):1680-1686. DOI 10.1023/B:RUGE.0000009158.41760.67

52. Utebayev M., Dashkevich S., Babkenov A., Shtefan G., Fahrudenova I., Bayahmetova S., Sharipova B., Kaskarbayev Zh., Shavrukov Y. Application of gliadin polymorphism for pedigree analysis in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from Northern Kazakhstan. Acta Physiol. Plant. 2016;38:204. DOI 10.1007/s11738-016-2209-4

53. Utebayev M., Dashkevich S., Bome N., Bulatova K., Shavrukov Y. Genetic diversity of gliadin-coding alleles in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from Northern Kazakhstan. PeerJ. 2019а;7:e7082. DOI 10.7717/peerj.7082

54. Utebayev M., Dashkevich S., Kunanbayev K., Bome N., Sharipova B., Shavrukov Y. Genetic polymorphism of glutenin subunits with high molecular weight and their role in grain and dough qualities of spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from Northern Kazakhstan. Acta Physiol. Plant. 2019b;41(5):71. DOI 10.1007/s11738-019-2862-5

55. Utebayev M.U., Bome N.A., Zemtsova E.S., Kradetskaya O.O., Chilimova I.V. Diversity of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits and evaluation of genetic similarities in spring bread wheats from different breeding centers. Trudy po Prikladnoy Botanike, Genetike i Selektsii = Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding. 2021;182(1):99-109. DOI 10.30901/2227-8834-2021-1-99-109 (in Russian)

56. Utebayev M.U., Dolinny Y.Y., Dashkevich S.M., Bome N.A. Allelic composition of gliadin-coding loci as a ‘portrait’ in spring soft wheat selections of Russian and Kazakh origins. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 2022;54(4):755-766. DOI 10.54910/sabrao2022.54.4.7

57. Watry H., Zerkle A., Laudencia-Chingcuanco D. Modified acid-PAGE method for rapid screening and phenotyping of wheat gliadin mutant lines. MethodsX. 2020;7:100858. DOI 10.1016/j.mex.2020.100858

58. Wheat. UPOV Code(s): TRITI_AES, Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori et Paol. Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability. Geneva: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, 2022. Available at: https://www.upov.int/edocs/tgdocs/en/tg003.pdf

59. Xynias I.N., Kozub N.O., Sozinov I.A. Seed storage protein composition of Hellenic bread wheat cultivars. Plant Breed. 2006;125(4): 408-410. DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2006.01242.x

60. Zhivotovsky L.A. Population similarity measure for polymorphic characters. Zhurnal Obshchey Biologii = Journal of General Biol ogy. 1979;40(4):587-602 (in Russian)

61. Zhivotovsky L.A. Population Biometry. Moscow, 1991 (in Russian)