Сравнительное изучение прорастания семян пшеницы, различающихся антоциановой окраской перикарпа, в условиях естественного и индуцированного старения

Одним из перспективных направлений селекции пшеницы является получение сортов с повышенным содержанием антоцианов в зерновке для производства функциональных продуктов питания. Однако вопрос о том, как эти соединения влияют на жизнеспособность семян после длительного хранения, оставался неизученным. Сравнительное исследование жизнеспособности семян было проведено с использованием набора почти изогенных линий пшеницы сорта Саратовская 29. Эти сестринские линии имеют различные сочетания рекомбинантных участков ДНК в хромосомах 2А и 7D с доминантными и рецессивными аллелями генов Pp3 и Pp-D1 (Рр, Purple pericarp), контролирующих антоциановую окраску колеоптилей и околоплодника. Семена проращивали в чашках Петри на увлажненной фильтровальной бумаге в климатической камере при постоянной температуре 20 °С с 12-часовым циклом дневного освещения. При длительном естественном хранении семян до 9 лет в сухом проветриваемом помещении в крафт-пакетах при температуре 20 ± 2 °С у испытанных образцов пшеницы происходила потеря всхожести семян до 50 %. При этом положительного влияния наличия антоцианов в зерне на сохранение всхожести не выявлено. Однако антоцианы способствовали сохранению жизнеспособности зерен в неблагоприятных кратковременных условиях повышения температуры до 48 °С и 100 % влажности. Тест на индуцированное старение не позволил предсказать ухудшение прорастания после длительного хранения семян. Результаты исследования показали нейтральную роль антоцианов в сохранении прорастания семян в течение 6–9 лет в естественных условиях хранения при 20 ± 2 °С. Небольшое статистически достоверное повышение всхожести зерен при естественном старении было связано с наличием рекомбинантного участка в хромосоме 7D пшеницы, содержащего ген Pp-D1.

1. Agacka-Mołdoch M., Arif M.A.R., Lohwasser U., Doroszewska T., Qualset C.O., Börner A. The inheritance of wheat grain longevity: a comparison between induced and natural ageing. J. Appl. Genet. 2016;57(4):477-481. DOI 10.1007/s13353-016-0348-3

2. Arbuzova V.S., Maystrenko O.I., Popova O.M. Development of nearisogenic lines of the common wheat cultivar ‘Saratovskaya 29’. Cereal Res. Commun. 1998;26(1):39-46. DOI 10.1007/bf03543466

3. Arif M.A.R., Nagel M., Lohwasser U., Börner A. Genetic architecture of seed longevity in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J. Biosci. 2017;42(1):81-89. DOI 10.1007/s12038-016-9661-6

4. Arif M.A.R., Afzal I., Börner A. Genetic aspects and molecular causes of seed longevity in plants – a review. Plants. 2022;11(5):598. DOI 10.3390/plants11050598

5. Chen X., Yin G., Börner A., Xin X., He J., Nagel M., Liu X., Lu X. Comparative physiology and proteomics of two wheat genotypes differing in seed storage tolerance. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2018; 130:455-463. DOI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.07.022

6. Considine M.J., Foyer C.H. Stress effects on the reactive oxygen species-dependent regulation of plant growth and development. J. Exp. Bot. 2021;72(16):5795-5806. DOI 10.1093/jxb/erab265

7. Corso M., Perreau F., Mouille G., Lepiniec L. Specialized phenolic compounds in seeds: structures, functions, and regulations. Plant Sci. 2020;296:110471. DOI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110471

8. Debeaujon I., Peeters A.J., Léon-Kloosterziel K.M., Koornneef M. The TRANSPARENT TESTA12 gene of Arabidopsis encodes a multidrug secondary transporter-like protein required for flavonoid sequestration in vacuoles of the seed coat endothelium. Plant Cell. 2001;13(4):853-871. DOI 10.1105/tpc.13.4.853

9. Dogra V., Kim C. Singlet oxygen metabolism: from genesis to signaling. Front. Plant Sci. 2020;10:1640. DOI 10.3389/fpls.2019.01640

10. Dumanović J., Nepovimova E., Natić M., Kuča K., Jaćević V. The significance of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense system in plants: a concise overview. Front. Plant Sci. 2021;11:552969. DOI 10.3389/fpls.2020.552969

11. Garg M., Kaur S., Sharma A., Kumari A., Tiwari V., Sharma S., Kapoor P., Sheoran B., Goyal A., Krishania M. Rising demand for healthy foods-anthocyanin biofortified colored wheat is a new research trend. Front. Nutr. 2022;9:878221. DOI 10.3389/fnut.2022.878221

12. Gianella M., Balestrazzi A., Ravasio A., Mondoni A., Börner A., Guzzon F. Comparative seed longevity under genebank storage and artificial ageing: a case study in heteromorphic wheat wild relatives. Plant Biol. 2022;24(5):836-845. DOI 10.1111/plb.13421

13. Gordeeva E.I., Shoeva O.Y., Khlestkina E.K. Marker-assisted development of bread wheat near-isogenic lines carrying various combinations of purple pericarp (Pp) alleles. Euphytica. 2015;203(2):469-476. DOI 10.1007/s10681-014-1317-8

14. Guryeva K.B., Beletskiy S.L., Khaba N.A. Studies of wheat grain sowing qualities during long-term storage. In: Innovative Technologies for the Production and Storage of Material Assets for National Needs. Moscow: Galleya-Print Publ., 2021;28-36 (in Russian)

15. Hay F.R., Valdez R., Lee J.S., Sta. Cruz P.C. Seed longevity phenotyping: recommendations on research methodology. J. Exp. Bot. 2019; 70(2):425-434. DOI 10.1093/jxb/ery358

16. International Rules for Seed Testing. Switzerland: The International Seed Testing Association (ISTA), 2004

17. Kaur S., Tiwari V., Kumari A., Chaudhary E., Sharma A., Ali U., Garg M. Protective and defensive role of anthocyanins under plant abiotic and biotic stresses: an emerging application in sustainable agriculture. J. Biotechnol. 2023;361:12-29. DOI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.11.009

18. Kohyama N., Chono M., Nakagawa H., Matsuo Y., Ono H., Matsunaka H. Flavonoid compounds related to seed coat color of wheat. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2017;81(11):2112-2118. DOI 10.1080/09168451.2017.1373589

19. Kong L., Wang F., Si J., Feng B., Li S. Water-soluble phenolic compounds in the coat control germination and peroxidase reactivation in Triticum aestivum seeds. Plant Growth Regul. 2008;56:275-283. DOI 10.1007/s10725-008-9307-2

20. Kumar A., Prasad A., Pospíšil P. Formation of α-tocopherol hydro-peroxide and α-tocopheroxyl radical: relevance for photooxidative stress in Arabidopsis. Sci. Rep. 2020;10(1):19646. DOI 10.1038/s41598-020-75634-0

21. Kurek K., Plitta-Michalak B., Ratajczak E. Reactive oxygen species as potential drivers of the seed aging process. Plants. 2019;8(6):174. DOI 10.3390/plants8060174

22. Landjeva S., Lohwasser U., Börner A. Genetic mapping within the wheat D genome reveals QTL for germination, seed vigour and longevity, and early seedling growth. Euphytica. 2010;171:129-143. DOI 10.1007/s10681-009-0016-3

23. Li W., Faris J., Chittoor J., Leach J., Hulbert S., Liu D., Chen P., Gill B. Genomic mapping of defense response genes in wheat. Theor. Appl. Genet. 1999;98:226-233. DOI 10.1007/s001220051062

24. Li W., Niu Y., Zheng Y., Wang Z. Advances in the understanding of reactive oxygen species-dependent regulation on seed dormancy, germination, and deterioration in crops. Front. Plant Sci. 2022;13: 826809. DOI 10.3389/fpls.2022.826809

25. Liu J., Zhou H., Song L., Yang Z., Qiu M., Wang J., Shi S. Anthocyanins: promising natural products with diverse pharmacological activities. Molecules. 2021;26(13):3807. DOI 10.3390/molecules26133807

26. Longo C., Holness S., De Angelis V., Lepri A., Occhigrossi S., Ruta V., Vittorioso P. From the outside to the inside: new insights on the main factors that guide seed dormancy and germination. Genes. 2020; 12(1):52. DOI 10.3390/genes12010052

27. Loskutov I.G., Khlestkina E.K. Wheat, barley, and oat breeding for health benefit components in grain. Plants. 2021;10(1):86. DOI 10.3390/plants10010086

28. Mares D., Himi E. The role of TaMYB10-A1 of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in determining grain coat colour and dormancy phenotype. Euphytica. 2021;217(5):89. DOI 10.1007/s10681-021-02826-8

29. Nagel M., Börner A. The longevity of crop seeds stored under ambient conditions. Seed Sci. Res. 2010;20(1):1-12. DOI 10.1017/s0960258509990213

30. Nagel M., Kranner I., Neumann K., Rolletschek H., Seal C.E., Colville L., Fernández-Marín B.E., Börner A. Genome-wide association mapping and biochemical markers reveal that seed ageing and longevity are intricately affected by genetic background and developmental and environmental conditions in barley. Plant Cell Environ. 2015;38(6):1011-1022. DOI 10.1111/pce.12474

31. Patra S., Makhal P., Jaryal S., Nilesh M., Kaki V.R. Anthocyanins: plant-based flavonoid pigments with diverse biological activities. Int. J. Plant Based Pharm. 2022;2(1):118-127. DOI 10.62313/ijpbp.2022.22

32. Pourcel L., Routaboul J.M., Cheynier V., Lepiniec L., Debeaujon I. Flavonoid oxidation in plants: from biochemical properties to physiological functions. Trends Plant Sci. 2007;12(1):29-36. DOI 10.1016/j.tplants.2006.11.006

33. Powell A., Matthews S. Seed aging/repair hypothesis leads to new testing methods. Seed Technol. 2012;34(1):15-25

34. Rathod D.R., Kumar A., Lal S.K., Talukdar A. Seed coat permeability studies in wild and cultivated species of soybean. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 2017;6(7):2358-2363. DOI 10.20546/ijcmas.2017.607.279

35. Rehman Arif M.A., Nagel M., Neumann K., Kobiljski B., Lohwasser U., Börner A. Genetic studies of seed longevity in hexaploid wheat using segregation and association mapping approaches. Euphytica. 2012;186:1-13. DOI 10.1007/s10681-011-0471-5

36. Roach T., Nagel M., Börner A., Eberle C., Kranner I. Changes in tocochromanols and glutathione reveal differences in the mechanisms of seed ageing under seedbank conditions and controlled deterioration in barley. Environ. Exp. Bot. 2018;156:8-15. DOI 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2018.08.027

37. Sano N., Rajjou L., North H.M., Debeaujon I., Marion-Poll A., Seo M. Staying alive: molecular aspects of seed longevity. Plant Cell Physiol. 2016;57(4):660-674. DOI 10.1093/pcp/pcv186

38. Schwember A.R., Bradford K.J. Quantitative trait loci associated with longevity of lettuce seeds under conventional and controlled deterioration storage conditions. J. Exp. Bot. 2010;61(15):4423-4436. DOI 10.1093/jxb/erq248

39. Shah F.A., Ni J., Chen J., Wang Q., Liu W., Chen X., Tang C., Fu S., Wu L. Proanthocyanidins in seed coat tegmen and endospermic cap inhibit seed germination in Sapium sebiferum. PeerJ. 2018;6:e4690. DOI 10.7717/peerj.4690

40. Shen N., Wang T., Gan Q., Liu S., Wang L., Jin B. Plant flavonoids: classification, distribution, biosynthesis, and antioxidant activity. Food Chem. 2022;383:132531. DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132531

41. Shi H., Guan W., Shi Y., Wang S., Fan H., Yang J., Chen W., Zhang W., Sun D., Jing R. QTL mapping and candidate gene analysis of seed vigor-related traits during artificial aging in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Sci. Rep. 2020;10(1):22060. DOI 10.1038/s41598-020-75778-z

42. Shvachko N.А., Khlestkina E.K. Molecular genetic bases of seed resistance to oxidative stress during storage. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2020; 24(5):451-458. DOI 10.18699/VJ20.47-o

43. Stegner M., Wagner J., Roach T. Antioxidant depletion during seed storage under ambient conditions. Seed Sci. Res. 2022;32(3):150-156. DOI 10.1017/s0960258522000101

44. Tereshchenko O.Y., Gordeeva E.I., Arbuzova V.S., Börner A., Khlestkina E. The D genome carries a gene determining purple grain colour in wheat. Cereal Res. Commun. 2012;40(3):334-341. DOI 10.1556/CRC.40.2012.3.2

45. Waterworth W.M., Footitt S., Bray C.M., Finch-Savage W.E., West C.E. DNA damage checkpoint kinase ATM regulates germination and maintains genome stability in seeds. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2016;113(34):9647-9652. DOI 10.1073/pnas.1608829113

46. Waterworth W.M., Bray C.M., West C.E. Seeds and the art of genome maintenance. Front. Plant Sci. 2019;10:706. DOI 10.3389/fpls.2019.00706

47. Wiebach J., Nagel M., Börner A., Altmann T., Riewe D. Age‐dependent loss of seed viability is associated with increased lipid oxidation and hydrolysis. Plant Cell Environ. 2020;43(2):303-314. DOI 10.1111/pce.13651

48. Yudina R.S., Gordeeva E.I., Shoeva O.Yu., Tikhonova M.A., Khlestkina E.K. Anthocyanins as functional food components. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2021;25(2):178-189. DOI 10.18699/VJ21.022 (in Russian)

49. Zhang T., Ayed C., Fisk I.D., Pan T., Wang J., Yang N., Sun Q. Evaluation of volatile metabolites as potential markers to predict naturally-aged seed vigour by coupling rapid analytical profiling techniques with chemometrics. Food Chem. 2022;367:130760. DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130760

50. Zhou G., Wu S., Chen D., Wu X., Cai Q. Polyphenols and phytohormones profiling of pre-harvest sprouting resistant and susceptible wheat genotypes. SN Appl. Sci. 2023;5:249. DOI 10.1007/s42452-023-05464-y

51. Zhou W., Chen F., Luo X., Dai Y., Yang Y., Zheng C., Yang W., Shu K. A matter of life and death: molecular, physiological, and environmental regulation of seed longevity. Plant Cell Environ. 2020;43(2): 293-302. DOI 10.1111/pce.13666