Таксономическое разнообразие микробных сообществ холодного сероводородного источника Безымянный (Прибайкальский район, Республика Бурятия)

Экологические условия холодных серосодержащих источников благоприятствуют росту и развитию богатых микробных сообществ со множеством уникальных бактерий цикла серы. В настоящей работе с использованием высокопроизводительного секвенирования гена 16S рРНК было изучено таксономическое разнообразие микробных сообществ трех различных биотопов (микробный мат, донный осадок и вода) в холодном сероводородном источнике Безымянный, расположенном на побережье озера Байкал (Прибайкальский район, Республика Бурятия). В результате секвенирования проб микробного мата, донного осадка и воды получено 76 972 последовательности, отнесенных к 1714 ASV (amplicon sequence variant – варианты последовательностей ампликонов). Анализ распределения ASV по биотопам выявил высокий показатель (66–93 %) уникальности трех исследуемых сообществ. Оценка индекса альфа-разнообразия показала, что сообщество донного осадка имело более высокие индексы, сообщество микробного мата отличалось наименьшим разнообразием. В исследуемых сообществах в разных пропорциях доминировали бактерии филумов Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, Campylobacterota, Actinomycetota, Desulfobacterota. Установлены особенности структуры сообществ исследуемых биотопов. Сообщество микробного мата было представлено преимущественно бактериями рода Thiothrix (43.2 %). В сообществе донного осадка основу составляли бактерии рода Sulfurovum (11.2  %), содоминировали неклассифицируемые таксоны (3.2–1 %). Микробное сообщество воды характеризовалось присутствием последовательностей, обнаруженных только в воде. Данные последовательности были отнесены к родам Novosphingobium, Nocardioides, Legionella, Brevundimonas, Sphingomonas, Bacillus, Mycobacterium, Sphingopyxis, Bradyrhizobium и Thiomicrorhabdus. Во всех изучаемых сообществах были идентифицированы сероокисляющие бактерии  (SOB) и серовосстанавливающие бактерии (SRB), что свидетельствует о протекающих процессах цикла серы в экосистеме источника Безымянный. Необходимо отметить, что во всех сообществах присутствовали последовательности неклассифицированных и некультивируемых бактерий цикла серы, и в целом значительную долю последовательностей (20.3–53.9 %) не удалось классифицировать.

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