Антоцианы и фенольные соединения в окрашенном зерне пшеницы

Пшеница является чрезвычайно важным и предпочтительным источником питания человека во многих регионах земного шара. Получение биофортифицированных сортов мягкой пшеницы с окрашенным зерном, которое, как известно, содержит целый ряд биологически активных соединений, в том числе антоциа ны, фенольные соединения, витамины и минералы, отражает общемировую тенденцию на увеличение разнообразия и повышение качества рациона путем разработки и внедрения разнообразных продуктов функционального питания. В настоящей работе описаны генетические системы, регулирующие биосинтез и накопление антоцианов в перикарпе и алейроновом слое, присутствие которых придает зерну фиолетовую, голубую и черную окраску. Обзор посвящен систематизации информации об особенностях качественного и количественного содержания антоцианов, растворимых и нерастворимых фенольных кислот в зерне пшеницы с различной окраской, а также показателях антиоксидантной активности спиртовых экстрактов зерна в зависимости от содержания антоцианов и фенольных соединений. Огромным количеством исследований подтверждено, что данные соединения являются антиоксидантами и соединениями с противовоспалительной активностью и их употребление вносит важный вклад в профилактику ряда социально значимых заболеваний человека. Употребление продуктов из окрашенного зерна злаков может способствовать дополнительному обогащению рациона людей биологически активными соединениями наряду с привычными источниками антиоксидантов. Отдельное внимание в обзоре уделено описанию достижений отечественных селекционеров, усилия которых в этой области позволили получить ряд перспективных сортов и линий с окрашенным зерном, которые могут послужить основой создания рынка биофортифицированных диетических продуктов питания в России и увеличения экспортного потенциала рынка зерна.

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