Экспрессия генов системы репарации и контроля клеточного цикла при ВПЧ-инфекции

Одним из основных этиологических факторов развития рака шейки матки является инфицирование вирусом папилломы человека (ВПЧ). При этом риск развития злокачественного процесса увеличивается с  ростом вирусной нагрузки. Целью данного исследования было изучение уровня транскрипции генов репарации ДНК и контроля клеточного цикла в эпителиальных клетках цервикального канала женщин с клинически значимой вирусной нагрузкой при ВПЧ-инфекции. Материалом для исследования послужили образцы ДНК и РНК, выделенные из эпителиальных клеток. Всего было проанализировано 107 образцов: 55 женщин были ВПЧ-положительными (с клинически значимой вирусной нагрузкой – более 10³ геномов ВПЧ на 100 тыс. клеток человека), контрольную группу составили 52 ВПЧ-отрицательные женщины. Все женщины были старше 30 лет. Уровень транскрипции генов APEX1, ERCC2, CHEK2, TP53, TP73, CDKN2A, SIRT1 определяли с помощью ОТ-ПЦР. Показано, что частота обнаружения транскриптов генов APEX1 и ERCC2 была повышена в группе женщин с клинически значимой вирусной нагрузкой. Уровень транскрипции всех исследованных генов не различался между контрольной группой и группой ВПЧ-инфицированных женщин. Однако установлено, что уровень транскрипции генов TP53 и TP73 снижается с ростом вирусной нагрузки. В контроле выявлена корреляция между уровнями транскрипции генов, участвующих в обеспечении функционирования белка p53. Увеличение вирусной нагрузки при инфицировании ВПЧ связано с изменением коэкспрессии генов репарации ДНК и контроля клеточного цикла. 

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