Влияние биопестицида Новохизоль на экспрессию генов защиты при заражении пшеницы стеблевой ржавчиной Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici

Стеблевая ржавчина, вызываемая грибом Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), является вредоносным заболеванием, поражающим посевы зерновых культур. Традиционный способ борьбы с этим и другими инфекционными болезнями растений − использование химических средств защиты. В качестве их эффективной и безопасной альтернативы все чаще рассматриваются биопестициды, а также индукторы болезнеустойчивости растений, в частности на основе хитозана, производного хитина. Недавно разработана глобулярная форма хитозана − Новохизоль, имеющая ряд преимуществ и показавшая свою эффективность в предварительных полевых и лабораторных экспериментах. Однако в настоящее время отсутствуют работы, посвященные влиянию данного препарата на экспрессию генов защиты. Поэтому целью данной работы стали поиск генов, принимаю щих участие в реакции растений мягкой пшеницы Triticum aestivum L. на заражение стеблевой ржавчиной, и оценка влияния обработки препаратом Новохизоль на их транскрипцию в ходе инфекционного процесса. В качестве модели были задействованы линия пшеницы с геном устойчивости к стеблевой ржавчине Sr6 и два отобранных изолята Pgt для этой линии: авирулентный (Avr6) и вирулентный (vr6), позволяющие сопоставить эффекты препарата Новохизоль в зависимости от генетической совместимости в патосистеме растение−патоген. Для анализа уровня транскрипции генов защиты использовали листовой материал в различных временных точках, от 3 до 144 ч после инокуляции растений патогеном. Количественный ПЦР-анализ показал повышение уровня транскрипции генов CERK1, PR3, PR4, PR5, PR6 и PR9 у растений, обработанных изучаемым биопестицидом и инфицированных различными изолятами Pgt, по сравнению с необработанными инфицированными растениями. Полученные данные подтверждают, что одна из оптимальных стратегий повышения устойчивости зерновых культур к грибным патогенам с точки зрения экологической безопасности – сочетание методов селекции по генам специфической устойчивости с применением биологических средств защиты.

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