Молекулярно-генетическая изменчивость по ISSR-маркерам у Caragana jubata (Pall.) Poir. (Fabaceae) в горах Средней Азии и Южной Сибири

Исследована генетическая структура по пяти ISSR-маркерам у 44 особей в выборках из восьми ценопопуляций (ЦП) Caragana jubata (Pall.) Poir. в горных условиях Центральной Азии – на Западном Памире и Внутреннем Тянь-Шане (Кыргызстан) и в Южной Сибири – на Алтае (Республика Алтай), Западном (Республика Тыва) и Восточном (Республика Бурятия) Саяне. Вид изучен в диапазоне географических расстояний, составляющих более 2.5 тыс. км и в диапазоне абсолютных высот 1570–3680 м. Caragana jubata занесена в Красные книги восьми субъектов Российской Федерации. Цель настоящей работы – выявление генетического разнообразия и гетерогенности в ЦП C. jubata в зависимости от их географической и высотной приуроченности в горах Центральной Азии и Южной Сибири. Исследования показали, что в ненарушенных местонахождениях изученные ЦП этого вида характеризовались высокими параметрами численности особей и занимали площадь более 100 м2. Практически в каждой изученной нами выборке из ЦП C. jubata (кроме представителей из ЦП7) обнаружено наличие генотипов, содержащих уникальные фрагменты ДНК. Наибольшая доля (75 %) таких генотипов установлена в выборке из ЦП3 (Внутренний Тянь-Шань, хр. Тескей-Ала-Тоо, абсолютная высота 2550 м). Нами не найдено уникальных фрагментов в генотипах у особей из исследованной выборки в ЦП7 (Западный Саян, Республика Тыва). Возможная причина – антропогенное воздействие на растения в данном местонахождении. Выявленное преобладание внутрипопуляционной генетической изменчивости над межпопуляционной в выборках из восьми изученных ЦП C. jubata может свидетельствовать об устойчивости представителей этого вида в пределах исследованных нами частей ареала.

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