Молекулярно-цитогенетический анализ некоторых видов Picea из Евразии и Восточной Азии

Представлены результаты молекулярно-цитогенетического исследования семи видов Picea, распространенных на территории Евразии и Восточной Азии, методом флуоресцентной гибридизации in situ

(FISH) и флуоресцентного окрашивания DAPI. Кластеры рибосомных генов 45S и 5S рРНК на хромосомах P. meyeri и P. purpurea картированы впервые, P. abies, P. obovata, P. schrenkiana, P. crassifolia, P. omorika изучались из новых местопроизрастаний. Все виды показали сходное распределение локусов 5S рДНК на обоих плечах крупной метацентрической хромосомы III: более интенсивный сигнал наблюдался на длинном плече, частично перекрываясь с сигналом 45S рДНК, минорный сайт 5S рДНК был локализован терминально на коротком плече. Сигналы 45S рДНК разной интенсивности были выявлены на 7–9 парах хромосом в кариотипах исследуемых  видов. Яркие (мажорные) сигналы локализованы интеркалярно и совпадали с постоянными вторичными перетяжками. Их количество на гаплоидный геном составило: у P. omorika – 8, у P. abies и P. obovata – 6, у P. schrenkiana, P. crassifolia, P. purpurea и P. meyeri – 5. Выявлено также несколько минорных сайтов 45S рДНК на хромосомах Picea, не описанных ранее в литературе. Добавочные (В) хромосомы, обнаруженные у некоторых проростков P. obovata, P. meyeri и P. purpurea, не несли локусов рибосомных генов 45S и 5S рРНК. На хромосомах ели наблюдались интенсивно флуоресцирующие DAPI-позитивные полосы в интеркалярных районах, а у некоторых хромосом окрашивалась также область центромеры. На хромосомах I, III и X пар удалось выявить несколько постоянных позитивных DAPI-блоков, имеющих сходную локализацию у всех изученных видов. FISH с зондами 45S и 5S рДНК в сочетании с окрашиванием DAPI позволяет идентифицировать практически все гомологичные пары хромосом и провести сравнение кариотипов разных видов ели. Обсуждается внутри- и межвидовое кариотипическое разнообразие в роде Picea на основе распределения локусов 5S и 45S рДНК и рисунка DAPI. 

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