Разнообразие яровых гексаплоидных тритикале по времени наступления фаз развития в условиях Приобья Западной Сибири

В условиях открытого грунта, в двух повторностях с интервалом посева в 18 дней, изучено время наступления фаз развития 78 коллекционных образцов яровых гексаплоидных тритикале из мировой коллекции ВИР. Число дней от всходов до колошения образцов тритикале в посеве первого срока составило 31–49 дней, в посеве второго срока – от 30 до 52. Образцы тритикале из Аргентины, Португалии, Восточной Европы, Польши, Беларуси, Украины выколашивались в интервале средних значений (34–40 дней). Тритикале M2A/Cin из Эфиопии была относительно раннеспелой. Позднеспелыми были тритикале из Замбии, Бразилии, Северной Америки. Среди образцов тритикале Мексики, Дагестана и России встречались как ранне-, так и позднеспелые. Большинство тритикале (82 %) в посеве второго срока выколашивалось на 1–9 дней скорее, чем в посеве первого срока, что происходило, вероятно, за счет сокращения у 87 % образцов на 1–7 дней периода «всходы– первый узел». При удлинении периода «всходы–первый узел» у тритикале, изученных в данной работе, так же, как и у пшеницы, увеличивалась продолжительность вегетационного периода. Продолжительность межфазного периода «колошение–созревание» у этих образцов при этом увеличивалась, в то время как у пшеницы наблюдалось ее сокращение. Изученные образцы гексаплоидных тритикале обладали различными временем наступления фаз развития и реакцией на два срока сева, что указывает на их возможное использование в регионах с разной длиной светового дня.

образцы гексаплоидной тритикале, фаза развития, межфазный период, срок сева

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