Генетические маркеры в мясном овцеводстве

Мясное животноводство, в том числе овцеводство, – важнейшая отрасль сельского хозяйства. Повышение производительности и улучшение качества мяса рассматриваются сегодня как приоритеты развития отрасли. В последнее время значительные результаты в мясном овцеводстве получены благодаря использованию достижений генетики. В селекционных программах обычно отбирали производителей на основании качества потомства, родственников или предков. В то же время применение молекулярно- генетической технологии может вывести такие работы на новый методический уровень. На сегодняшний день все еще нерешенной остается проблема установления достоверной связи между признаками продуктивности и генетическими маркерами, поскольку в отличие, например, от моногенных заболеваний, признаки продуктивности обладают комплексным характером и их проявление зависит от баланса между различными физиологическими функциями, нарушение в котором, даже при кажущейся положительной роли превалирующего элемента, может привести к снижению продуктивности в целом. Селекция на основе генетических маркеров продуктивности направлена на работу с животными с высоким генетическим потенциалом по приросту живой массы и качеству мяса. В обзоре описаны перспективные гены – потенциальные маркеры продуктивности в мясном овцеводстве. Подробно рассмотрено использование гена гормона роста, каллипигии, кальпаина и кальпастатина в качестве перспективных генетических маркеров для селекции овец. Вместе с тем необходимо констатировать, что, несмотря на многочисленные сообщения о потенциальных генетических маркерах продуктивности, заметного влияния на повышение экономических показателей в овцеводстве молекулярно- генетические методы пока не оказали.

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