Генетическое разнообразие сортов картофеля российской селекции и стран ближнего зарубежья по данным полиморфизма SSR-локусов и маркеров R-генов устойчивости

Изучено генетическое разнообразие российских сортов картофеля и сортов селекции стран ближнего зарубежья из коллекции ВИР, которые создавались в 1931–2015 гг. На основании результатов анализа полиморфизма 14 монолокусных ядерных микросателлитов (SSR) проведено генотипирование 113 селекционных сортов. Дополнительно изучено распространение у сортов восьми маркеров трех R-генов, вовлеченных в контроль устойчивости растений к двум карантинным объектам – золотистой картофельной нематоде Globodera rostochiensis и возбудителю рака картофеля Synchytrium endobioticum, которые локально встречаются в отдельных регионах Российской  Федерации. У всех изученных сортов, устойчивых к патотипу 1 S. endobioticum, выявлен диагностический компонент маркера Nl-25 гена Sen1, у восприимчивых сортов фрагмент Nl-251400 не обнаружен. Полученные результаты продемонстрировали различную эффективность маркеров генов Н1 и Gro1-4, детерминирующих устойчивость к патотипу Ro1 G. rostochiensis; наиболее перспективно использовать несколько маркеров для детекции нематодоустойчивых сортов. Результаты молекулярного скрининга с шестью маркерами генов Н1 и Gro1-4 позволили детектировать у сортов шесть гаплотипов. Пять гаплотипов включали сорта с различными сочетаниями изученных маркеров, большинство (87,9 %) из этих сортов были устойчивы или слабо поражаемы нематодой. Наиболее многочисленный гаплотип H1/0 включал 76 сортов, у которых не было выявлено ни одного маркера генов Н1 и Gro1-4; 96,1 % из них были восприимчивыми к G. rostochiensis. Обсуждается связь между родословными сортов, временем их создания, составом гаплотипов и устойчивостью селекционных сортов к золотистой картофельной нематоде и возбудителю рака картофеля.

1. Asano K., Tamiya S. Breeding of pest and disease resistant potato cultivars in japan by using classical and molecular approaches. JARQ. 2016;50(1):1-6.

2. Baayen R.P., Cochius G., Hendriks H., Meffert J.P., Bakker J., Bekker M., van den Boogert P.H., Stachewicz H., van Leeuwen G.C.M. History of potato wart disease in Europe – a proposal for harmonization in defining pathotypes. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2006;116:21-31. DOI 10.1007/s10658-006-9039-y.

3. Bakker E., Achenbach U., Bakker J., van Vliet J., Peleman J., Segers B., van der Heijden S., van der Linde P., Graveland R., Hutten R., van Eck H., Coppoolse E., van der Vossen E., Bakker J., Goverse A. A high-resolution map of the H1 locus harbouring resistance to the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis. Theor. Appl. Genet. 2004;109(1):146-152. DOI 10.1007/s00122-004-1606-z.

4. Ballvora A., Flath K., Lubeck J., Strahwald J., Tacke E., Hofferbert H.- R., Gebhardt C. Multiple alleles for resistance and susceptibility modulate the defense response in the interaction of tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum) with Synchytrium endobioticum pathotypes 1, 2, 6 and 18. Theor. Appl. Genet. 2011;123:1281-1292.

5. Ballvora A., Hesselbach J., Niewohner J., Leister D., Salamini F., Gebhardt C. Marker enrichment and high-resolution map of the segment of potato chromosome VII harboring the nematode resistance gene Gro1. Mol. Gen. Genet. 1995;249:82-90.

6. Barone A., Ritter E., Schachtschabel U., Debener T., Salamini F., Gebhardt C. Localization by restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping in potato of a major dominant gene conferring resistance to the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis. Mol. Gen. Genet. 1990;224(2):177-182.

7. Biryukova V.A., Shmyglya I.V., Abrosimova S.B., Zapekina T.I., Meleshin A.A., Mityushkin A.V., Manankov V.V. SMolecular marker- assisted search for donors of genes for resistance to pathogens among accessions raised at the Lorkh Institute of Potato Farming and genetic collections. Zashhita kartofelya = Potato Protection. 2015;1:3-7. (in Russian)

8. Biryukova V.A., Zhuravlev A.A., Abrosimova S.B., Kostina L.I., Khromova L.M., Shmyglya I.V., Morozova N.N., Kirsanova S.N. The use of molecular markers of the H1 and Gro1 genes for resistance to golden potato cyst nematode. Doklady Rossiyskoy Akademii Selskokhozyaystvennykh Nauk = Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences 2008;34(6):3-6. (in Russian)

9. Bornet B., Goraguer F., Joly G., Branchard M. Genetic diversity in European and Argentinian cultivated potatoes (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum) detected by inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs). Genome. 2002;45(3):481-484.

10. Bradshaw J.E., Bryan G.J., Ramsay G. Genetic recourses (including wild and cultivated Solanum species) and progress in their utilization in potato breeding. Potato Res. 2006;49:49-65. DOI 10.1007/s11540-006-9002-5.

11. Braun A., Wenzel G. Molecular analysis of genetic variation in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). I. German cultivars and advanced clones. Potato Res. 2004;47(5):81-92. DOI 10.1007/BF02731971.

12. Bukasov S.M., Kameraz A.Y. Osnovy selektsii kartofelya [Fundamentals of Potato Breeding]. Moscow, Leningrad, Selhozgiz Publ., 1959. (in Russian)

13. Côté M.-J., Leduc L., Reid A. Evaluation of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers established in europe as a method for the identification of potato varieties grown in Canada. Am. J. Potato Res. 2013;90: 340-350. DOI 10.1007/s12230-013-9310-7.

14. Dice L. Measures of the amount of ecologic association between species. Ecology. 1945;26:297-302.

15. Ellenby C. Tuber forming species and varieties of the genus Solanum tested for resistance to the potato root eelworm Heterodera rostochiensis Wollenweber. Euphytica. 1954;3:195- 202. DOI 10.1007/BF00055593.

16. Feingold S., Lloyd J., Norero N., Bonierbale M., Lorenzen J. Mapping and characterization of new EST-derived microsatellites for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 2005;111:456-466. DOI 10.1007/s00122-005-2028-2.

17. Finkers-Tomczak A., Bakker E., Boer J., Vossen E., Achenbach U., Golas T., Suryaningrat S., Smant G., Bakker J., Goverse A. Comparative sequence analysis of the potato cyst nematode resistance locus H1 reveals a major lack of co-linearity between three haplotypes in potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 2011;122: 595-608. DOI 10.1007/s00122-010-1472-9.

18. Fu Y., Peterson G., Richards K., Tarn T., Percy J. Genetic diversity of Canadian and exotic potato germplasm revealed by simple sequence repeat markers. Am. J. Potato Res. 2009. 86(1):38-48. DOI 10.1007/s12230-008-9059-6.

19. Gadzhiev N.M., Lebedeva V.A. The origin of some Belogorka potato varieties. Kartofel i ovoshhi = Potato and vegetables. 2010;8:21-22. (in Russian)

20. Gajewskiy N.A. Znakomstvo s evolyutsionnoy genetikoy [Introduction to evolutionary genetics]. Krasnoyarsk, 2002. (in Russian)

21. Gavrilenko T., Antonova O., Ovchinnikova A., Novikova L., Krylova E., Mironenko N., Pendinen G., Islamshina A., Shvachko N., Kiru S., Kostina L., Afanasenko O., Spooner D. A microsatellite and morphological assessment of the Russian National cultivated potato collection. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. 2010;57:1151-1164. DOI 10.1007/s10722-010-9554-8.

22. Gavrilenko T., Antonova O., Shuvalova A., Krylova E., Alpatyeva N., Spooner D., Novikova L. Genetic diversity and origin of cultivated potatoes based on plastid microsatellite polymorphism. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. 2013;60:1997-2015. DOI 10.1007/s10722-013- 9968-1.

23. Gebhardt C. Bridging the gap between genome analysis and precision breeding in potato. Trends in Genetics. 2013;29 (4):248-256. DOI 10.1016/j.tig.2012.11.006.

24. Gebhardt C., Bellin A., Henselewski A., Lehmann W., Schwarzfischer A., Valkonen J. Marker- assisted combination of major genes for pathogen resistance in potato. Theor. Appl. Genet. 2006;112:1458-1464. DOI 10.1007/s00122-006-0248-8.

25. GCDT (The Global Crop Diversity Trust) Background on the development of “Global Strategy for the Ex situ Conservation of Potato”. 2006. Available at: https://www.croptrust.org/wp- content/uploads/2014/2/Potato-Strategy-FINAL-30Jan07.pdf

26. Ghislain M., Nunez J., Herera M. del R., Rignataro J., Guzman F., Bonierbale M., Spooner D.M. Robust and hightly informative microsatellite-based genetic identity kit for potato. Mol. Breeding. 2009;23: 377-388. DOI 10.1007/s11032-008-9240-0.

27. Gorji A.M., Poczai P., Polgar Z., Taller J. Efficiency of arbitrarily amplified dominant markers (SCOT, ISSR and RAPD) for diagnostic fingerprinting in tetraploid potato. Am. J. Pot. Res. 2011;88:226- 237. DOI 10.1007/s12230-011-9187-2.

28. Hehl R., Faurie E., Hesselbach J., Salamini F., Witham S. TMV resistance gene N homologues are linked to Synchytrium endobioticum resistance in potato. Theor. Appl. Genet. 1999;98:379-386. DOI 10.1007/s001220051083.

29. Hirsch C.D., Hamilton J.P., Childs K.L., Cepela J., Crisovan E., Vaillancourt B., Hirsch C.N. A resource for mining sequences, genotypes, and phenotypes to accelerate potato breeding. Plant Genome. 2014;7:1-12. DOI 10.3835/plantgenome2013.12.0042.

30. Kawchuk I.M., Lynch D.R., Thomas J., Penner B., Silito D., Kulcsar F. Characterization of Solanum tuberosum simple sequence repeats and application to potato cultivar identification. Amer. Potato J. 1996;73:325-335. DOI 10.1007/BF02849164.

31. Khiutti A., Afanasenko O., Antonova O., Shuvalov O., Novikova L., Krylova E., Chalaya N., Mironenko N., Spooner D.M., Gavrilenko T. Characterization of resistance to Synchytrium endobioticum in cultivated potato accessions from the collection of Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry (VIR) collection. Plant Breeding. 2012;131:744-750. DOI 10.1111/j.1439- 0523.2012.02005.x.

32. Kort J., Ross H., Rumpenhorst H.J., Stone A.R. An international scheme for the identification of pathotypes of potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida. Nematologica. 1977;23: 333-339.

33. Kuzminova O.A., Staszewski Z. Vologin S.G., Gimaeva E.A. Molecular-genetic analysis of potato breeding material for the presence of genes for resistance to Globodera rostochiensis. Materialy Vserossiyskoy zaochnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii molodykh uchenykh, posvyashchennoy pamyati R.G. Gareeva “Sovremennye tekhnologii vyrashchivaniya selskokhozyaystvennykh kultur”. [Proceedings of the scientific-practical teleconference of young scientists dedicated to the memory of R.G. Gareev “Modern technologies of growing crops”]. Kazan, 2015;88-97. (in Russian)

34. Limantseva L., Mironenko N., Shuvalov O., Antonova O., Khiutti A., Novikova L., Afanasenko O., Spooner D., Gavrilenko T. Characterization of resistance to Globodera rostochiensis pathotype Ro1 in cultivated and wild potato species accessions. Plant Breeding (Wiley). 2014;133(5):660-665. DOI 10.1111/pbr.12195.

35. Loeschcke V., Stegemann H. The application of PAG electrophoresis for studying of the potato proteins. Z. Naturforschung. 1966;21:879-888.

36. McGregor C., Lambert C., Greyling M., Louw H., Warnich L. A comparative assessment of fingerprinting techniques (RAPD, ISSR, AFLP and SSR) in tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) germplasm. Euphytica. 2000;113:135-144.

37. Milczarek D., Flis B., Przetakiewicz А. Suitability of molecular markers for selection of potatoes resistant to Globodera spp. Am. J. Potato Res. 2011;88:245-255. DOI 10.1007/s12230-011-9189-0.

38. Moisan-Thiery M., Marhadour S., Kerlan M., Dessenne N., Perramant M., Gokelaere T., LeHingrat Y. Potato cultivar identification using simple sequence repeats markers (SSR). Potato Res. 2005;48: 191-200. DOI 10.1007/BF02742376.

39. Nei M. Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. PNAS USA. 1973;70:3321-3323.

40. Paal J., Henselewski H., Muth J., Meksem K., Menendez C., Salamini F., Ballvora A., Gebhardt C. Molecular cloning of the potato Gro 1-4 gene conferring resistance to pathotype Ro1 of the root cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis, based on a candidate gene approach. Plant J. 2004;38:285-297.

41. Provan J., Powell W., Waugh R. Analysis of cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) using intermicrosatellite amplification. Genome. 1996; 39:767-769.

42. Ramakrishnan A.P., Ritland C.E., Blas Sevillano R.H., Riseman A. Review of potato molecular markers to enhance trait selection. Am. J. Potato Res. 2015;92(4):455-472. DOI 10.1007/s12230-015-9455-7.

43. Ross H. Potato breeding – problems and perspectives. J. Plant Breed. 1986; Suppl. 13. Berlin; Hamburg: Parey, 1986.

44. Ryzhova N.N., Martirosyan E.V., Kochieva E.Z. Analysis of SSR polymorphisms in potato (Solanum tuberosum) varieties bred in Russia. Genetika = Genetics (Moscow). 2010;46(4):481-487. (in Russian)

45. Salaman R.N. Potato varieties. Cambrige Univ. Press, 1926.

46. Schultz L., Cogan N.О.I., Mclean K., Dale M.F.B., Bryan G.J., Forster J.N.W., Slater A.T. Evaluation and implementation of a potential diagnostic molecular marker for H1- conferred potato cyst nematode resistance in potato. Plant Breeding. 2012;131:315-321. DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2012.01949.x.

47. Shanina E.P., Klyukina E.M., Koksharov V.P., Shanin A.A. Development of nematode-resistant varieties is the priority in potato breeding in the middle Ural. Agrarnyy vestnik Urala = Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2011;2(81):59-61. (in Russian)

48. Simakov E.A., Yakovleva V.A., Abrosimova S.B., Dyachenko A.A., Biryukova V.A. How to evaluate potato resistance to Globodera rostochiensis? Zashchita i Karantin Rasteniy = Plant Protection and Quarantine. 2009;1:28-29. (in Russian)

49. Spooner D.M., Nunez J., Trujillo G., del Rosario Herrera M., Guzman F., Ghislain M. Extensive simple sequence repeat genotyping of potato landraces supports a major reevaluation of their gene pool structure and classification. PNAS USA. 2007;104:19398-19403. DOI 10.1073/pnas.0709796104.

50. Stuart W. The potato: Its culture, uses, history and lassification. Ed. W. Stuart. J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 1937.

51. Takeuchi T., Sasaki J., Suzuki T., Horita H., Hiura S., Iketani S., Fujita R., Senda K. DNA markers for efficient selection of disease and pests resistance genes in potato (in Japanese). Hokkaido Nogyo- Shiken-Kaigi-Shiryo 2008. 2009;1-26.

52. Uitdewilligen J.G., Wolters A.-M.A., D’hoop B.B., Borm T.J.A., Visser R.G.F., Eck H.J. A Next- generation sequencing method for genotyping- by-sequencing of highly heterozygous autotetraploid potato. PLoS ONE. 2013. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0062355.

53. Van Berloo R., Hutten R., van Eck H., Visser R.G.F. An online potato pedigree database resource. Potato Res. 2007;50:45-57. DOI 10.1007/s11540-007-9028-3.

54. Vos P.G., Uitdewilligen J., Visser R.G.F., Eck H.J. Development and analysis of a 20K SNP array for potato: an insight into the breeding history. Theor. Appl. Genet. 2015;128:2387- 2401. DOI 10.1007/s00122-015-2593-y.

55. Yashina I.M., Kukushkina L.N., Derevyagina M.K., Babaytseva O.V. i dr. Catalogue of new donors of field potato resistance to late blight. Katalog. Rossiyskaya akademiya selskokhozyaystvennykh nauk VNIIKKh [Catalogue. Lorkh Institute of Potato Farming, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences]. Moscow, 2007. (in Russian)

56. Zaitseva N.D. Rukovodstvo po opredeleniyu sortov kartofelya [Guidelines for identification of potato varieties.] Moscow, 1965. (in Russian)