Генетическое разнообразие сортов картофеля российской селекции и стран ближнего зарубежья по данным полиморфизма SSR-локусов и маркеров R-генов устойчивости

Изучено генетическое разнообразие российских сортов картофеля и сортов селекции стран ближнего зарубежья из коллекции ВИР, которые создавались в 1931–2015 гг. На основании результатов анализа полиморфизма 14 монолокусных ядерных микросателлитов (SSR) проведено генотипирование 113 селекционных сортов. Дополнительно изучено распространение у сортов восьми маркеров трех R-генов, вовлеченных в контроль устойчивости растений к двум карантинным объектам – золотистой картофельной нематоде Globodera rostochiensis и возбудителю рака картофеля Synchytrium endobioticum, которые локально встречаются в отдельных регионах Российской  Федерации. У всех изученных сортов, устойчивых к патотипу 1 S. endobioticum, выявлен диагностический компонент маркера Nl-25 гена Sen1, у восприимчивых сортов фрагмент Nl-251400 не обнаружен. Полученные результаты продемонстрировали различную эффективность маркеров генов Н1 и Gro1-4, детерминирующих устойчивость к патотипу Ro1 G. rostochiensis; наиболее перспективно использовать несколько маркеров для детекции нематодоустойчивых сортов. Результаты молекулярного скрининга с шестью маркерами генов Н1 и Gro1-4 позволили детектировать у сортов шесть гаплотипов. Пять гаплотипов включали сорта с различными сочетаниями изученных маркеров, большинство (87,9 %) из этих сортов были устойчивы или слабо поражаемы нематодой. Наиболее многочисленный гаплотип H1/0 включал 76 сортов, у которых не было выявлено ни одного маркера генов Н1 и Gro1-4; 96,1 % из них были восприимчивыми к G. rostochiensis. Обсуждается связь между родословными сортов, временем их создания, составом гаплотипов и устойчивостью селекционных сортов к золотистой картофельной нематоде и возбудителю рака картофеля.

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