Создание новой серии анеуплоидных линий у хлопчатника (Gossypium hirsutum L.) с идентификацией отдельных хромосом с помощью транслокационных и SSR-маркеров

Использование моносомных линий значительно увеличивает эффективность молекулярно-генетического анализа и получения высококачественных селекционных линий с замещением определенных хромосом. В связи с этим было важно создать полный набор анеуплоидных линий для каждой хромосомы хлопчатника. Достижению этой цели способствовало получение новых моно-сомных линий хлопчатника узбекской коллекции с использованием хромосом-специфичных маркеров (SSR) и транслокационных линий для идентификации хромосом. В статье обобщены данные многолетних исследований, посвященных созданию моносомных линий, включая происхождение 95 первичных моносомиков хлопчатника, их цитогенетические и морфологические особенности, а также идентификацию унивалентных хромосом с помощью транслокационного теста и SSR-маркеров. Линии идентифицированы по хромосомам 2, 4, 6 Аt-субгенома и хромосомам 18, 22 Dt-субгенома, а также выявлен телоцентрик для 11 хромосомы Аt-субгенома хлопчатника. Остальные 22 моносомные линии были идентифицированы как дубликаты трех хромосом (2, 4, 6). Созданный материал будет полезен для молекулярно-генетического картирования, создания линий с замещением хромосом и для селекции хлопчатника.

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