Стрессовые системы Escherichia coli и их роль в реакциях на воздействие терагерцового излучения

Изложены результаты последних лет по изучению реакции стрессовых систем Escherichia coli в ответ на нетермическое воздействие терагерцового (ТГц) излучения. Наиболее простым и удобным объектом для изучения воздействия ТГц излучения на живые объекты является бактерия E. сoli. Это связано с ее высокой изученностью как на молекулярно-генетическом, так и на метаболическом уровне, а также c возможностью создания на основе промоторов ее стресс-активируемых генов и репортерного белка GFP геносенсорных конструкций. Введение этих конструкций в клетки E. coli позволяет исследовать реакцию конкретной стрессовой системы бактерии на ТГц излучение по интенсивности синтеза белка GFP, легко определяемого флуорометрически. В работе представлены данные литературных источников и собственные результаты по нетермическому воздействию ТГц излучения на конкретные стрессовые системы E. coli. Обсуждаются экспериментальные данные, полученные с использованием геносенсоров E. coli/pKatG-GFP, E. coli/pCopA-GFP и E. coli/pEmrR-GFP, которые являются маркерами генных сетей E. coli, активирующихся в условиях окислительного стресса, при нарушении гомеостаза ионов меди и в присутствии антисептиков соответственно. Обзор проведенных исследований показал, что нетермическое воздействие ТГц излучения индуцирует в клетках E. coli генные сети окислительного стресса и поддержания гомеостаза меди, но не влияет на активность стрессовых систем защиты от антибиотиков, протонофоров и супероксид-анионов. Наличие динамических особенностей в развитии стрессорного ответа у геносенсоров E. coli/ pKatG-GFP и E. coli/pCopA-GFP на ТГц излучение в сравнении с естественными индукторами позволяет предположить специфичность ответа систем окислительного стресса и поддержания гомеостаза меди в реакции адаптации клеток E. coli к ТГц излучению.

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