ДОЗОВАЯ КОМПЕНСАЦИЯ: РЕГУЛЯЦИЯ ЭКСПРЕССИИ ГЕНОВ ПОЛОВЫХ ХРОМОСОМ
Аннотация
Дозовая компенсация генов характерна для различных таксонов, представители которых имеют гетероморфные половые хромосомы. Считается, что механизмы дозовой компенсации появились из-за необходимости устранить различия в дозе генов между полами, возникающие в ходе эволюции половых хромосом. Исследования на примере половых хромосом Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans и млекопитающих показывают, что, несмотря на общую причину возникновения дозовой компенсации, для регуляции уровня экспрессии генов Х-хромосомы могут использоваться совершенно разные принципы. Было также обнаружено, что значение имеет не только равный уровень экспрессии генов Х-хромосомы между полами, но и транскрипционный баланс между Х-хромосомой и аутосомами. Более детальное изучение механизмов дозовой компенсации позволило установить, что гены Х-хромосомы в различной степени подвержены их влиянию. Похожая закономерность была выявлена и при изучении дозовой компенсации генов Z-хромосомы у птиц и бабочек. В обзоре суммированы имеющиеся на сегодняшний день данные о процессе дозовой компенсации и его механизмах.
Об авторе
Е. В. Дементьева
Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, Россия
Россия
Россия
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