МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫЙ СКРИНИНГ СОРТОВ И ГИБРИДОВ КАРТОФЕЛЯ СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНОЙ ЗОНЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Задача повышения устойчивости сортов к болезням и вредителям является приоритетной для селекции картофеля. Многие сорта, созданные селекционерами северо-западной зоны Российской Федерации, являются многовидовыми гибридами, обладают комплексной устойчивостью к наиболее вредоносным патогенам в сочетании с высокой пластичностью, о чем свидетельствует их районирование в разных регионах нашей страны. В статье представлены результаты молекулярного скрининга сортов и гибридов, созданных в разные годы в ЛенНИИСХ «Белогорка» и в ООО Селекционная фирма «ЛиГа». Молекулярный скрининг проведен с использованием 22 маркеров 14 R-генов устойчивости к вирусам PVY и PVX, к цистообразующим нематодам – Globodera pallida (патотипы Pa2, Ра3) и G. rostochiensis (патотип Ro1) и к фитофторозу. Данные молекулярно-генетического анализа сопоставлялись с результатами Государственного испытания сортов на устойчивость к болезням и с другими опубликованными источниками. В работе использованы также маркеры стерильных и фертильных типов цитоплазм. По результатам молекулярного скрининга выделены сорта и гибриды c разными сочетаниями маркеров R-генов (Ry_sto, Ry-f_sto, Rx1, Rx2, Gro1-4, H1, Gpa2, R1, R3a, Rpi-blb1, Rpi-sto1), обладающие D-, T-, W/gamma стерильными типами цитоплазм. Анализ фертильности пыльцы, результатов скрещиваний и данных родословных показал, что селекционерам удалось получить фертильные формы с D- и Т-типами цитоплазм, несущие генетический материал мексиканских полиплоидных видов Solanum stoloniferum и S. demissum. Информация о наличии у гибридов и сортов маркеров R-генов и о типах цитоплазм, полученная в настоящей работе, позволит повысить эффективность дальнейших селекционных программ, в том числе направленных на пирамидирование генов устойчивости к патогенам. Данные молекулярного скрининга позволили уточнить родословные ряда сортов и гибридов, которые создавались на протяжении нескольких десятилетий.

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