SEASONAL LIFE HISTORY PLASTICITY OF THE GROUP OF WINTER WHEAT AND TRITICALE ACCESSIONS

The application of “spring analogs” to explore winterhardiness of wheat gives the possibility to obtain cultivars with higher hardiness. Seasonal life history plasticity of winter cultivars gives the possibility to obtain such “analogs”. Winterhardiness of 34 winter wheat and triticale accessions from Krasnodar was tested in West Siberia environment. Their ofsprings were sown early in the spring near Novosibirsk to study their plasticity and to obtain “spring analogs”. In the fall the percentage of fertile plants was equal to 0 in the case of 5 accessions and to not more than 59.3 in other 29 accessions partly because of the  presence of sterile plants. The progeny of this sowing was sown next year late in the spring. As a result, in the fall fer tile plants were observed in the progeny of only 15 winter accessions. Also plants at the stage of tillering were observed in the progeny of 28 accessions at the beginning of winter. Some of them survived and developed seeds next year earlier than winter cultivars. Variability in performance was observed between these plants in spite of sandy soil (low humidity content) and May-June strong drought. So, such “winter-spring” plants can be used for breeding wheat and triticale accessions suitable for sowing late in the spring or early in the summer and harvesting next year earlier than winter cultivars. They can be developed in accordance with sustainable agriculture, because “winter-spring” plants were generated in an extremely unfavourable environment: sandy acid soil (pH 4.9–5.3) with low fertility (nitrogen content in the upper 40-cm layer was below 25 kg/ha) without fertilizer application. There is a theoretical posibility to breed “winter-spring” plants in simultaneous sowings with spring cultivars.

1. Bolshev L.N., Smirnov N.V. Tablitsy matematicheskoy statistiki [Tables of mathematical statistics]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1983 (in Russian)

2. Chekurov V.M., Kozlov V.E. Low metabolic rate and high frost resistance are important components of the survival of winter wheat in Siberia. Materialy 1­y Tsentral’no­Aziatskoy konferentsii po pshenitse (Kazakhstan, Almaty, 10–13 iyunya 2003 g.) [Proceedings of the 1st Central Asian Wheat Conference, Kazakhstan, Almaty, June 10­13, 2003]. Almaty, 2003. (in Russian)

3. Chekurov V.M., Kozlov V.E. Winter wheat’s survival mechanisms in Siberia: Low metabolic rate and high frost tolerance. Ed. A.A. Morgunov, K.G. McHol, R. Campbell, R. Poroda. Increasing Wheat Production in Central Asia through Science and Cooperation. Pros. of the First Central Asia wheat conference. Almaty, Kazakhstan: CIMMYT. 2005;118­121.

4. Chekurov V.M., Kozlov V.E., Titkov I.P., Mitrofanov N.G. Problems and methodological approaches to obtaining winter wheat cultivars in Siberia. Geneticheskie metody v selektsii rasteniy [Genetic methods in plant breeding]. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 1992;180­210. (in Russian)

5. Fedorov A.K. Osobennosti razvitiya zimuyushchikh rasteniy [Development features of winter plants]. Moscow: AN SSSR Publ., 1959. (in Russian)

6. Kozlov V.E. Association between winter wheat morphology and its winter hardiness on alteration of the contents of growth­regulating agents. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov ‘‘Rol’ itogormonov v proyavlenii nekotorykh priznakov u rasteniy’’ [Role of plant hormones in the manifestation of some traits in plants: collection of works]. Novosibirsk, 1983a;85­96. (in Russian)

7. Kozlov V.E. Dynamics of growth substances in tillering nodes of two cultivars of winter wheat and their spring relatives. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov ‘‘Rol’ itogormonov v proyavlenii nekotorykh priznakov u rasteniy’’ [Role of plant hormones in the manifestation of some traits in plants: collection of works]. Novosibirsk,1983b;97­109. (in Russian)

8. Kozlov V.E. Comparison of methods of obtaining the genetic diversity for the selection of wheat to winter hardiness in Siberia. The International Conference “Wheat Genetic Resources and Genomics”, Novosibirsk, Russia, August 28–September 1, 2011. Novosibirsk: Inst. Cytol. Genet., 2011;19.

9. Kozlov V.E. Comparison of methods for obtaining genetic diversity for breeding winter­hardy wheat in Siberia. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2012;16(1): 232­239. (in Russian)

10. Kozlov V.E. Life history plasticity in large winter cereal group and sharp increasing of winterhardiness of lexible (“winter­spring”) plants. Belyaev conference: A triumphant event in commemoration of the centenary of the birth of Academician Dmitri Belyaev (August 7–10, 2017, Novosibirsk, Russia): Abstracts. Novosibirsk: Inst. Cytol. Genet., 2017;219.

11. Ma J.F., Taketa S., Yang Z.M. Aluminum tolerance genes on the short arm of chromosome 3R are linked to organic acid release in Triticale. Plant Physiol. 2000;122:687­694.

12. Mills F.C. Statisticheskie metody [Statistical methods]. Moscow: Gosstatizdat Publ., 1958. (in Russian)

13. Ruttan V.W. The transition to agricultural sustainability. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1999;96(11):5960­5967. DOI 10.1073/pnas96.11.5960.

14. Siso A.I., Smolentsev B.A., Yakimenko V.N. Soil cover in the Novosibirsk Scientiic Center and its environmental and agrochemical assessment. Sibirskiy ekologicheskiy zhurnal = Siberian Journal of Ecology. 2010;3:363­367. (in Russian)

15. Tumanov I.I. Fiziologiya zakalivaniya i zimostoykost’ rasteniy [Physiology of hardening and plant winter hardiness]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1979. (in Russian)