БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЙ СОСТАВ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ЗЕРНА ИНТРОГРЕССИВНЫХ ФОРМ ОЗИМОЙ МЯГКОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ С УЧАСТИЕМ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВИДОВ Triticum и Aegilops

Для создания стрессоустойчивых, продуктивных и качественных сортов пшеницы нередко используется генетическое разнообразие диких и культурных сородичей –  различных видов, относящихся к родам Triticum и Aegilops. Ранее с участием образцов Triticum militinae, T. timopheevii, T. kiharae, Aegilops cylindrical и Ae. triaristata были созданы и отобраны по устойчивости и урожайности интрогрессивные формы озимой мягкой пшеницы. Целью настоящей работы стала оценка биохимического состава и технологических свойств зерна данных форм. Анализ муки по содержанию клейковины методом ИСО выявил уровень изменчивости от 28.5 % для формы Эритроспермум 350 × T. militinae до 39.6 % для генотипа Жетысу × T. militinae. При этом качество клейковины первой группы (класс «сильная») выявлено только для генотипов Эритроспермум 350 × T. militinae и (Безостая 1 × T. militinae) × T. militinae. По физическим свойствам муки и теста интрогрессивные формы варьируют по разжижению теста от 80 до 170 е. ф., т. е. на  уровне «филлера» и «слабой» пшеницы, с лучшим значением как по разжижению, так и по валориметрической оценке для генотипов Безостая 1 × Ae. triaristata и Эритроспермум 350 × T. militinae (80 ед. разжижения, 49 ед. фаринографа и 80–45 е. ф. соответственно). Хлебопекарная оценка показывает, что из муки зерна интрогрессивных форм выпекается хлеб объемом, сопоставимым с сортами, в том числе выше сортов-стандартов Алмалы (720–760 мл) и Карахан (800 мл) по внешнему виду, пористости хлеба и общей хлебопекарной оценке. По твердозерности дикие сородичи и интрогрессивные формы характеризовались в основном как средне- и твердозерные (52–93 ед. SKCS). Таким образом, по технологической оценке хлебопекарного типа изученные интрогрессивные формы относятся в основном к классам «ценная» и «филлер», по силе муки и объему хлеба – к классу «слабая», при прогнозе по составу ВМС глютенина и наличию транслокации 1В/1R – к классу «сильная».

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