Тенденция преодоления устойчивости к бурой ржавчине интрогрессивных линий мягкой пшеницы с генетическим материалом Aegilops speltoides Tausch

Развитие бурой ржавчины, вызываемой грибом Puccinia triticina Erikss., приводит к существенным потерям урожая мягкой пшеницы Triticum aestivum L. Вид Aegilops speltoides Tausch (2n = 14, геном SS) считается перспективным источником генов для защиты пшеницы от болезней. Целью исследований был мониторинг устойчивости образцов Ae. speltoides, интрогрес­сивных линий и сортов мягкой пшеницы с генетическим мате­риалом этого вида к западносибирской популяции возбудите­ля бурой ржавчины. Оценка устойчивости растений в условиях естественного инфекционного фона показала, что образцы Ae. speltoides были иммунны к бурой ржавчине, однако наблю­дается тенденция повышения восприимчивости интрогрессив­ных линий и сортов пшеницы. Отмечено снижение защитного действия генов Lr28, Lr36 и Lr35, но Lr47 сохраняет свою эффективность в западносибирском регионе, что подтверждено оценкой вирулентности омской популяции P. triticina к пере­численным генам. В период исследований (2003–2017 гг.) была преодолена резистентность линий Од 26/89, 156/90, аналогов сорта Новосибирская 67 АНК-39 (В, С) и линии Л-500 из коллек­ции «Арсенал». Линии Од (35/1, 35/89, 210/90, 278/89), АНК-39 (А, D, E), Л-501, сорта Челяба 75 и Mit оставались высокоустойчивыми в течение всего периода проведения испытаний. По данным молекулярного анализа и фитопатологического тести­рования, в изученных образцах (за исключением линий сорта Thatcher и Pavon) не выявлены известные гены Lr28, Lr36 и Lr47 от Ae. speltoides. На основании данных, полученных с помощью ДНК-маркеров, сделано предположение о том, что сорт Челяба 75, семь устойчивых линий серий Од и АНК-39 содержат транслокации с геном LrSp. В остальных образцах вероятно наличие дополнительных неидентифицированных генов устойчивости Ae. speltoides. Тенденцию снижения устойчивости к бурой ржавчине интрогрессивных линий и сортов с генами Ae. speltoides необходимо учитывать при селекции мягкой пше­ницы, предназначенной для выращивания в Западной Сибири.

Triticum aestivum, Aegilops speltoides, интро¬грессивные линии, Puccinia triticina, в

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