Тенденция преодоления устойчивости к бурой ржавчине интрогрессивных линий мягкой пшеницы с генетическим материалом Aegilops speltoides Tausch

Развитие бурой ржавчины, вызываемой грибом Puccinia triticina Erikss., приводит к существенным потерям урожая мягкой пшеницы Triticum aestivum L. Вид Aegilops speltoides Tausch (2n = 14, геном SS) считается перспективным источником генов для защиты пшеницы от болезней. Целью исследований был мониторинг устойчивости образцов Ae. speltoides, интрогрес­сивных линий и сортов мягкой пшеницы с генетическим мате­риалом этого вида к западносибирской популяции возбудите­ля бурой ржавчины. Оценка устойчивости растений в условиях естественного инфекционного фона показала, что образцы Ae. speltoides были иммунны к бурой ржавчине, однако наблю­дается тенденция повышения восприимчивости интрогрессив­ных линий и сортов пшеницы. Отмечено снижение защитного действия генов Lr28, Lr36 и Lr35, но Lr47 сохраняет свою эффективность в западносибирском регионе, что подтверждено оценкой вирулентности омской популяции P. triticina к пере­численным генам. В период исследований (2003–2017 гг.) была преодолена резистентность линий Од 26/89, 156/90, аналогов сорта Новосибирская 67 АНК-39 (В, С) и линии Л-500 из коллек­ции «Арсенал». Линии Од (35/1, 35/89, 210/90, 278/89), АНК-39 (А, D, E), Л-501, сорта Челяба 75 и Mit оставались высокоустойчивыми в течение всего периода проведения испытаний. По данным молекулярного анализа и фитопатологического тести­рования, в изученных образцах (за исключением линий сорта Thatcher и Pavon) не выявлены известные гены Lr28, Lr36 и Lr47 от Ae. speltoides. На основании данных, полученных с помощью ДНК-маркеров, сделано предположение о том, что сорт Челяба 75, семь устойчивых линий серий Од и АНК-39 содержат транслокации с геном LrSp. В остальных образцах вероятно наличие дополнительных неидентифицированных генов устойчивости Ae. speltoides. Тенденцию снижения устойчивости к бурой ржавчине интрогрессивных линий и сортов с генами Ae. speltoides необходимо учитывать при селекции мягкой пше­ницы, предназначенной для выращивания в Западной Сибири.

Triticum aestivum, Aegilops speltoides, интро¬грессивные линии, Puccinia triticina, в

1. Adonina I.G., Leonova I.N., Badaeva E.D., Salina E.A. Genotyping of hexaploid wheat varieties from different Russian regions. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2016;20(1):44-50. https://doi.org/10.18699/VJ16.107. (in Russian)

2. Anikster Y., Manisterski J., Long D.L., Leonard K.J. Resistance to leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust in Aegilops ssp. in Israel. Plant Dis. 2005;89:303-308. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-89-0303.

3. Davoyan E.R., Davoyan R.O., Bebyakina I.V., Davoyan O.R., Zubanova Yu.S., Zinchenko A.N., Kravchenko A.M. Identification of leaf-rust resistance genes in species of Aegilops L., synthetic forms, and introgression lines of common wheat. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2012;16(1):116-122. (in Russian)

4. Dorohov D.B., Cloke E. Rapid and economic technology of RAPD-analysis of plant genomes. Molekulyarnaya Genetika = Molecular Genetics. 1997;3(4):443-450. (in Russian)

5. Esimbekova M.A., Bulatova K.M., Kushanova R.Zh., Mukin K.B. Biodeverssity of wild cereals of the Aegilops L. genius in Kazakhstan in the context of wheat breeding. Izvestiya Timiryazevskoy Selskokhozyaystvennoy Akademii = Izvestiya of Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. 2015;6:5-18. (in Russian)

6. Eversmeyer M.G., Kramer C.L. Epidemiology of wheat leaf and stem rust in the central great plains of the USA. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2000;38:491-513.

7. Friebe B., Jiang J., Raupp W.J., McIntosh R.A., Gill B.S. Characterization of wheat-alien translocations conferring resistance to diseases and pests: current status. Euphytica. 1996;91:59-87.

8. Genetic Resources Information System for Wheat and Triticale. Available online at http://www.wheatpedigree.net

9. Gill B.S., Sharma H.C., Raupp W.J., Browder L.E., Hatchett J.H., Harvey T.L., Moseman J.G., Waines J.G. Evaluation of Aegilops species for resistance to wheat powdery mildew, wheat leaf rust, Hessian fly, and greenbug. Plant Dis. 1985;69(4):314-316.

10. Gultyaeva E.I., Aristova M.K., Shaidayuk E.L., Mironenko N.V., Kazartsev I.A., Akhmetova A., Kosman E. Genetic differentiation of Puccinia triticina Erikss. in Russia. Russ. J. Genet. 2017;53(9):9981005. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795417070031.

11. Gultyaeva E.I., Orina A.S., Gannibal Ph.B., Mitrofanova O.P., Odintsova I.G., Laikova L.I. The effectiveness of molecular markers for the identification of Lr28, Lr35, and Lr47 genes in common wheat. Russ. J. Genet. 2014;50(2):131-139. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795414020069.

12. Holubec V., Hanzalova A., Dumalasova V., Bartos P. Aegilops conservation and collection evaluation in the Czech Republic. J. Syst. Evol. 2014;52(6):783-789. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12117.

13. Koval S.F., Koval V.S., Shamanin V.P. Isogenic Lines of Wheat. Omsk: Omskblankizdat Publ., 2001. (in Russian)

14. Lapochkina I.F. Alien genetic variability and its importance in plant breeding. The identified plant gene pool and breeding. St. Petersburg: Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Publ., 2005;684-739. (in Russian)

15. Lapochkina I.F., Solomatin D.A., Grishina E.E., Vishnyakova Kh.S., Pukhalskiy V.A. Common wheat lines with genetic material from Aegilops speltoides Tausch. Russ. J. Genetics. 1996; 32(12):14381442.

16. Mains E.B., Jackson H.S. Physiological specialization in the leaf rust wheat Puccinia triticina Erikss. Phytopathology. 1926;16(1): 89-95.

17. Marais G.F., Bekker T.A., Eksteen B., McCallum T., Marais A.S. Attempts to remove gametocidal genes co-transferred to common wheat with rust resistance from Aegilops speltoides. Euphytica. 2010;171:71-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-009-9996-2.

18. Markelova T.S., Ivanova O.V., Baukenova E.A., Naryshkina E.A., Salmova M.F. Creation of donors of multiple resistance to fungal diseases of spring common wheat by gene introgression from wild species and wheat relatives. Agrarnyy Vestnik Yugo-Vostoka = Agricultural Bulletin of South-East. 2014;1-2:25-27. (in Russian)

19. Martynov S.P., Dobrotvorskaya T.V., Mitrofanova O.P. Genealogical analysis of the use of aegilops (Aegilops L.) genetic material in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Russ. J. Genet. 2015;51(9):855-862. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1022795415090070.

20. McIntosh R.A., Yamazaki Y., Dubcovsky J., Rogers J., Morris C., Appels R., Xia X.C. Catalogue of gene symbols for wheat. 12th Int. Wheat Genet. Symp. 8-13 September 2013, Yokohama, Japan. Available online at http://www.shigen.nig.ac.jp/wheat

21. Meshkova L.V., Rosseeva L.P., Shreider E.R., Sidorov A.V. Virulence of pathotypes of the wheat leaf rust agent to ThLr9 in regions of Siberia and the Urals. 2nd All-Russian Conf. “Modern Problems of Plant Immunity to Harmful Organisms”. St. Petersburg, 29 September-2 October 2008. St. Petersburg, 2008;70-73. (in Russian)

22. Mikhailova L.A. Genetics of the Relationships between the Leaf Rust Agent and Wheat. St. Petersburg: VIR Publ., 2006. (in Russian)

23. Mikov D.S., Davoyan E.R., Zubanova Yu.S., Davoyan R.O., Boldakov D.M. Molecular marker-assisted identification of leaf rust resistance genes Lr28, Lr35, Lr36, Lr47, Lr51 in accessions of Aegilops speltoides, the synthetic form Avrodes, and its derivatives. Proceedings of the 9th All-Russian Conference of Young Scientists. 2016;8889. (in Russian)

24. Odintsova I.G., Agafonova N.A., Boguslavsky R.L. Introgressive lines of common wheat with resistantance to leaf rust transferred from Aegilops speltoides. Source material and problems of wheat and triticale breeding. Trudy po Prikladnoy Botanike, Genetike i Selektsii = Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics, and Breeding. 1991;142:106-110. (in Russian)

25. Parlevliet J.E. Durability of resistance against fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens; present situation. Euphytica. 2002;124:147-156.

26. Peterson R.F., Campbell A.B., Hannah A.E. A diagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity of leaves and stem of cereals. Can. J. Res. 1948;Sect. C. 26:496-500.

27. Plotnikova L.Ya., Kuzmina S.P. Genetic and physiological bases of resistance to leaf rust in introgressive lines of Novosibirskaya 67 variety with genes from Aegilops speltoides Tausch. Proceedings of the 2nd All-Russian (national) scientific conference “The Role of Agrarian Science in the Sustainable Development of Rural Areas”, Novosibirsk, December 25, 2017. Novosibirsk, 2017;100-102. (in Russian)

28. Plotnikova L.Ya., Pozherukova V.E., Meshkova L.V., Mitrofanova O.P., Degtyarev A.I., Aidosova A.T. The resistance of Timofeevi wheat to Puccinia triticina in West Siberia. Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya = Mycology and Phytopathology. 2015;49(2):116-125. (in Russian)

29. Plotnikova L.Ya., Stubey T.Yu. Appearance of resistance to Puccinia triticina determined by the genes Lr13, Lr22b, and Lr35 in adult plants. Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya = Mycology and Phytopathology. 2009;43(3):258-271. (in Russian)

30. Salina E.A., Adonina I.G., Badaeva E.D., Stasyuk A.I., Leonova I.N., Shishkina A.A., Divashuk M.G., Stankova E.V., Khuat T.M., Syukov V.V., Karlov G.I. A Thinopyrum intermedium chromosome in bread wheat cultivars as a source of genes conferring resistance to fungal diseases. Euphytica. 2015;204:91-101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681014-1344-5.

31. Sanin S.S. Phytosanitary monitoring: current state and ways of improvement. Problems of Optimization of the Phytosanitary Condi¬tion of Plant Growing. Proceedings of the All-Russian Congress on Plant Protection, St. Petersburg, December 1995. St. Petersburg, 1997;166-176. (in Russian)

32. Shah T.M., Ahmed J., Asghar M., Iqbal N., Farooq S. Evaluation of annual wild grass species for leaf rust resistance. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 2000;3(3):469-472.

33. Sibikeev S.N., Voronina S.A., Badaeva E.D., Druzhin A.E. Study of resistance to leaf and stem rust in Triticum aestivum - Aegilops speltoides lines. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2015;19(2):165-170. (in Russian)

34. Sochalova L.P. Sources of wheat resistance genes to leaf and stem pathogens in the Novosibirsk region. Zernovoe Khozjaistvo Rossii = Grain Economy of Russia. 2016;2:45-49. (in Russian)

35. Sochalova L.P., Piskarev V.V. Resistance of spring common wheat varieties to agents of infectious diseases in the changing climate of West Siberia. Dostizheniya Nauki i Tekhniki APK = Achievements of Sci-ence and Techniques of Agroindustrial Complex. 2017;31(2):21-25. (in Russian)

36. Tyryshkin L.G., Syukov V.V., Zakharov V.G., Zuev E.V., Gashimov M.E., Kolesova M.A., Chikida N.N., Yershova M.A., Belousova M.H. Sources of effective resistance of common wheat and its relatives to fungal diseases: search, creation, and use in breeding. Trudy po Prikladnoy Botanike, Genetike i Selektzii = Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics, and Breeding. 2012; 170:187-201. (in Russian)

37. Tyunin V.А., Shreyder Е.R., Gultyaeva E.I., Shaydayuk E.L. Characteristics of virulence of Puccinia triticina populations and the potential of the Lr24, Lr25, LrSp genes for spring common wheat breeding in the Southern Ural. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2017;21(5):523529. https://doi.org/10.18699/VJ17.269. (in Russian)

38. Volkova G.V., Kremneva O.Yu., Shumilov Yu.V., Gladkova E.V., Vaganova O.F., Mitrofanova O.P., Lysenko N.S., Chikida N.N., Khakimova A.G., Zuev E.V. Immunologic estimation of accessions of wheat, its rare species, and Aegilops from the collection of N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources and selection of sources with group resistance. Vestnik Zaschity Rastenii = Bulletin of Plant Protection. 2016;89(3):38-39. (in Russian)

39. Voronkova A.A., Dubonosov T.S., Panarin I.V. Causes of leaf rust outbreaks in the Krasnodar region. Rust of Cereals. Moscow: Kolos Publ., 1975;80-88. (in Russian)