Молекулярная идентификация генов устойчивости к стеблевой ржавчине в интрогрессивных линиях яровой мягкой пшеницы

Проанализированы 57 интрогрессивных линий и 11 сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы селекции НИИ сельского хозяйства Юго-Востока, возделываемых на территории Поволжья. Линии получены с участием синтетиков селекции CIMMYT, сортов твердой пшеницы, прямого скрещивания с Agropyron elongatum (CI-7-57) и имеют интрогрессии от родственных видов мягкой пшеницы, а именно транслокации от Ag. elongatum (7DS-7DL7Ae#1L), Aegilops speltoides (2D-2S), Ae. ventricosum (2AL-2AS-2MV#1), ржи культурной (1BL-1R#1S), замещения от Ag. intermedium 6Agi (6D) и тритикале Satu. Сорта и линии были оценены на устойчивость к саратовской, лысогорской, дербентской и омской популяциям возбудителя стеблевой ржавчины, а также проанализированы на наличие идентифицированных Sr генов устойчивости с использованием известных молекулярных маркеров. Анализ устойчивости сортов и линий к саратовской популяции патогена в полевых условиях, а также к омской, дербентской и лысогорской популяциям Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici на стадии проростков показал потерю эффективности генов Sr25 и Sr6Agi . Ген Sr31 пока сохраняет свою эффективность. Ко всем взятым в анализ популяциям патогена была устойчива 31 линия пшеницы из 57 (54.4 % образцов). У  исследуемых интрогрессивных линий идентифицированы гены Sr31/Lr26, Sr25/Lr19, Sr28, Sr57/Lr34 и Sr38/Lr37. Ген Sr31/Lr26 определен у 19 линий (33.3 % образцов). Все линии, несущие транслокацию 1RS.1BL (Sr31/Lr26), были устойчивы ко всем взятым в анализ популяциям патогена. Ген Sr25/Lr19 идентифицирован у 49 линий (86 % образцов). Сочетание генов Sr31/Lr26+Sr25/Lr19 идентифицировано у 15 линий (26.3 %). У одной линии идентифицировано сочетание генов Sr38/Lr37+Sr25/Lr19, у другой линии – сочетание генов Sr57/Lr34+ +Sr25/Lr19, и еще у одной – Sr31/Lr26+Sr25/Lr19+Sr28. Все они были устойчивы ко всем взятым в анализ популяциям патогена. Гены Sr2, Sr24, Sr26, Sr32, Sr36, Sr39 у анализируемых линий обнаружены не были.

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