СПАРИВАНИЕ ГОМЕОЛОГИЧНЫХ ХРОМОСОМ У ОТДАЛЕННЫХ АЛЛОГАПЛОИДНЫХ ГИБРИДОВ РОДА SOLANUM

Изучено спаривание хромосом в мейозе уникальных аллогаплоидных гибридов, полученных с использованием методов клеточной и хромосомной инженерии. Использованы две комбинации гибридов: 1) между дигаплоидом культурного картофеля Solanum tuberosum (АА-геном, 2n = 2x = 24) и дикорастущим видом S. еtuberosum (ЕЕ, 2n = 2x = 24); 2) между культурным томатом S. lycopersicum (LL, 2 n = 2x = 24) и S. etuberosum (ЕЕ, 2n = 2x = 24). Хромосомоспецифичные BAC-клоны картофеля и пробы дифференциально меченой тотальной ДНК родительских видов позволили идентифицировать конъюгирующие хромосомы и их геномную принадлежность. У аллогаплоидов S. tuberosum с S. etuberosum геномного состава АЕ обнаружено до 7 межгеномных бивалентов на клетку; хиазмы формируются в дистальном районе длинного плеча каждой хромосомы набора; хиазмы в коротком плече имеют хромосомы 3, 6, 11 и 12. Для андрогенных регенерантов соматических гибридов S. lycopersicum c S. etuberosum характерен в основном унивалентный мейоз; редкие биваленты (от 0 до 2 на клетку) образованы гомеологами хромосом 4 и 6. Обсуждаются перспективы предложенного подхода, основанного на использовании методов соматической гибридизации и in vitro андрогенеза, для изучения спаривания гомеологичных хромосом и разработки стратегии интрогрессивной гибридизации отдаленных видов растений.

1. Al-Kaff N., Knight E., Bertin I., Foote T., Hart N., Griffiths S., Moore G. Detailed dissection of the chromosomal region containing the Ph1 locus in wheat Triticum aestivum: with deletion mutants and expression profi ling // Annals Bot. 2007. V. 101. P. 1–10.

2. Bai Y., Lindhout P. Domestication and breeding of tomatoes: what have we gained and what can we gain in the future? // Annals Bot. 2007. V. 100. P. 1085–1094.

3. Contreras-M., Spooner D. Revision of Solanum section Etuberosum // Solanaceae IV: advances in biology and utilization / Eds M. Nee, D. Symon, P. Jessop. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, U.K, 1999. P. 227–245.

4. Davey M., Anthony P., Power J., Lowe C. Plant protoplasts: status and biotechnological perspectives // Biotechnol. Adv. 2005. V. 23. P. 131–171.

5. Doganlar S., Frary A., Daunay M., Lester R., Tanksley S. A comparative genetic linkage map of eggplant (Solanum melongena) and its implications for genome evolution in the Solanacea // Genetics. 2002. V. 161. P. 1697–1711.

6. Dong F., Novy R., Helgeson J., Jiang J. Cytological characterization of potato – Solanum etuberosum somatic hybrids and their backcross progenies by genomic in situ hybridization // Genome. 1999. V. 42. Nо. 5. P. 987–992.

7. Dvorak J., Deal K.R., Luo M.-C. Discovery and mapping of wheat Ph1 suppressors // Genetics. 2006. V. 174. P. 17–27.

8. Fang K., Zhang L., Lin J. A rapid, efficient method for the mass production of pollen protoplasts from Pinus bungeana and Picea wilsonii // Flora. 2006. V. 201. P. 74–80.

9. Feingold S., Lloyd J., Norero N., Bonierbale M., Lorenzen J. Mapping and characterization of new EST-derived microsatellites for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) // Theor. Appl. Genet. 2005. V. 111. P. 456–466.

10. Gavrilenko T. Application of molecular cytogenetics in fundamental and applied research of potato (Review) // Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Potato / Ed. J. Bradeen, C. Kole. Published by ‘Science Publishers’. 1st edition. USA, 2011. Chapter 9. P. 184–206.

11. Gavrilenko T., Barbakar N., Pavlov A. Somatic hybridization between Lycopersicon esculentum and non-tuberous Solanum species of the Etuberosa series // Plant Science. 1992. V. 86. P. 203–214.

12. Gavrilenko T., Pendinen G., Rokka V.-M., Antonova O., Thieme R. Intergenomic chromosome pairing in the allodiploid hybrids of Solanum etuberosum with tomato and potato: an assessment through GISH and BAC-FISH // The 11th Gatersleben Res. Conf. «Chromosome biology, Genome Evolution and Speciation». 2012. P. 115–116.

13. Gavrilenko T., Thieme R., Heimbach U., Thieme T. Genomic in situ hybridisation analysis of fertile somatic hybrids of Solanum etuberosum (+) dihaploid Solanum tuberosum and their backcrossing progenies: relationships of genome dosage with tuber development and resistance to potato virus Y // Euphytica. 2003. V. 131. P. 323–332.

14. Gavrilenko T., Thieme R., Rokka V.-M. Cytogenetic analysis of Lycopersicon esculentum (+) Solanum etuberosum somatic hybrids and their androgenic regenerants // Theor. Appl. Genet. 2001. V. 103. P. 231–239.

15. Griffiths S., Sharp R., Foote T.N., Bertin I., Wanous M., Reader S., Colas I., Moor G. Molecular characterization of Ph1 as a major chromosome pairing locus in polyploid wheat // Nature. 2006. V. 439. P. 749–752.

16. Hawkes J. G. Origins of cultivated potatoes and species relationships // Potato Genetics. UK: CAB Intern., 1994. P. 3–42.

17. Helgeson J., Hunt G., Haberlach G., Austin S. Sexual progeny of somatic hybrids between potato and Solanum brevidens: potential for use in breeding programs // Amer. J. Potato Res. 1993. V. 70. P. 437–452.

18. Iovene M., Wielgus S., Simon P., Buell C., Jiang J. Chromatin structure and physical mapping of chromosome 6 of potato and comparative analyses with tomato // Genetics. 2008. V. 180. P. 1307–1317.

19. Leitch A., Schwarzacher T., Jacson D., Leitch I. In situ Hybridization: a practical guide. Oxford, Microscopy Handbooks. 27. BIOS Sci. Publ., 1994. 118 p.

20. Lou Q., Iovene M., Spooner D., Buell C., Jiang J. Evolution of chromosome 6 of Solanum species revealed by comparative fl uorescence in situ hybridization mapping // Chromosoma. 2010. V. 119. P. 435–442.

21. McGrath J., Williams C., Haberlach G., Wielgus S., Uchytil T., Helgeson J. Introgression and stabilization of Erwinia tuber soft rot resistance into potato after somatic hybridization of Solanum tuberosum and S. brevidens // Amer. J. Potato Res. 2002. V. 79. P. 19–24.

22. Mikhailova E., Phillips D., Sosnikhina S., Lovtsyus A., Jones R., Jenkins G. Molecular assembly of meiotic proteins Asy1 and Zyp1 and pairing promiscuity in rye (Secale cereale L.) and its synaptic mutant sy10 // Genetics. 2006. V. 174. P. 1247–1258.

23. Milbourne D., Meyer R., Collins A.J., Ramsay L., Gerbhardt C., Waugh R. Isolation, characterization and mapping of simple sequence repeat loci in potato // Mol. General Genet. 1998. V. 259. P. 233–245.

24. Novy R., Nasruddin A., Ragsdale D., Radcliffe E. Genetic resistances to potato leafroll virus, potato virus Y and green peach aphid in progeny of Solanum etuberosum // Amer. J. Potato Res. 2002. V. 79. P. 9–18.

25. Oberhagemann P., Chatot-Balandras C., Bonnel E., Schäfer-Pregl R., Wegener D., Palomino C., Salamini F., Gebhardt C. A genetic analysis of quantitative resistance to late blight in potato: Towards marker assisted selection // Mol. Breeding. 1999. V. 5. P. 399–415.

26. Pendinen G., Gavrilenko T., Jiang J., Spooner D. Allopolyploid speciation of the tetraploid Mexican potato species revealed by genomic in situ hybridization // Genome. 2008. V. 51. P. 714–720.

27. Peralta I., Spooner D., Knapp S. The taxonomy of tomatoes: A revision of wild tomatoes (Solanum section Lycopersicon) and their outgroup relatives in sections Juglandifolium and Lycopersicoides // Syst. Bot. Monogr. 2008. V. 84. P. 1–186.

28. Perez F., Menendez A., Dehal P., Quiros C. Genomic structural differentiation in Solanum: comparative mapping of the A- and E-genomes // Theor. Appl. Genet. 1999. V. 98. P. 1183–1193.

29. Rokka V.-M., Pietilä L., Gavrilenko T., Tauriainen A., Larkka J. Utilization of haploid lines in the genetic improvement of cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum spp. tuberosum) // Bio technological Approaches for Utilization of Gametic Cells / Ed. B. Bohanec. Bield, Slovenia, 2000. P. 105–110.

30. Ross H. Potato Breeding – problems and perspectives. Berlin: Paul Parey, 1986. 132 p.

31. Szinay D., Wijnker E., Berg van den R., Visser R., de Jong H., Bai Y. Chromosome evolution in Solanum traced by crossspecies BAC-FISH // New Phytologist. 2012. V. 195. P. 688–698.

32. Tang X., de Boer J., Eck van H., Bachem C., Visser R., Jong de H. Assignment of genetic linkage maps to diploid Solanum tuberosum pachytene chromosomes by BAC-FISH technology // Chromosome Res. 2009. V. 17. P. 899–915.

33. Tanksley S., Ganal M., Prince J., Bonierbale M. et al. High density molecular linkage maps of the tomato and potato genomes // Genetics. 1992. V. 132. P. 1141–1160.

34. Valkonen J., Brigneti G., Pehu E. Resistance to Myzus persicae (Suls.) in wild potatoes of the series Etuberosa // Acta Agr. Scand. 1992a. V. 42. P. 118–127.

35. Valkonen J., Brigneti G., Salazar L., Pehu E., Gibson R. Interactions of the Solanum subsp. of the Etuberosa group and nine potato-infecting viruses and viroid // Ann. Appl. Biol. 1992b. V. 20. P. 301–313.