СПАРИВАНИЕ ГОМЕОЛОГИЧНЫХ ХРОМОСОМ У ОТДАЛЕННЫХ АЛЛОГАПЛОИДНЫХ ГИБРИДОВ РОДА SOLANUM

Изучено спаривание хромосом в мейозе уникальных аллогаплоидных гибридов, полученных с использованием методов клеточной и хромосомной инженерии. Использованы две комбинации гибридов: 1) между дигаплоидом культурного картофеля Solanum tuberosum (АА-геном, 2n = 2x = 24) и дикорастущим видом S. еtuberosum (ЕЕ, 2n = 2x = 24); 2) между культурным томатом S. lycopersicum (LL, 2 n = 2x = 24) и S. etuberosum (ЕЕ, 2n = 2x = 24). Хромосомоспецифичные BAC-клоны картофеля и пробы дифференциально меченой тотальной ДНК родительских видов позволили идентифицировать конъюгирующие хромосомы и их геномную принадлежность. У аллогаплоидов S. tuberosum с S. etuberosum геномного состава АЕ обнаружено до 7 межгеномных бивалентов на клетку; хиазмы формируются в дистальном районе длинного плеча каждой хромосомы набора; хиазмы в коротком плече имеют хромосомы 3, 6, 11 и 12. Для андрогенных регенерантов соматических гибридов S. lycopersicum c S. etuberosum характерен в основном унивалентный мейоз; редкие биваленты (от 0 до 2 на клетку) образованы гомеологами хромосом 4 и 6. Обсуждаются перспективы предложенного подхода, основанного на использовании методов соматической гибридизации и in vitro андрогенеза, для изучения спаривания гомеологичных хромосом и разработки стратегии интрогрессивной гибридизации отдаленных видов растений.

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