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Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции

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«УТЕРЯННЫЙ ПРЕДОК» КОНСКИХ БОБОВ (VICIA FABA L.) И НАЧАЛО ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА БЛИЖНЕМ ВОСТОКЕ

https://doi.org/10.18699/VJ15.118

Аннотация

Конские бобы (Vicia faba L.) принадлежат к набору культур, с которых начиналось культивирование растений на Ближнем Востоке, однако их дикий предок или близкие сородичи до сих пор неизвестны. Предполагается, что дикий предок бобов имел ограниченный ареал в Леванте и был тесно связан с растительным сообществом, ограниченным по площади, вследствие чего оказался одомашнен целиком как вид. Возможно, его местообитания были связаны с границей речной поймы и склона (так называемый «трансэлювиально-аккумулятивный барьер»), отличающейся благоприятными почвенными условиями. Эти ограниченные природные местообитания бобов могли стать фокусом приложения нарождающегося возделывания растений, становясь тем самым прообразом будущих полей. Предполагается, что конские бобы, будучи заметными высокими растениями с крупными семенами и ограниченным местообитаниям, могли служить «стартовой культурой» для возникновения сельского хозяйства на Ближнем Востоке и способствовать самому возникновению идеи и практики возделывания растений и «изобретению» поля.

Об авторе

О. Э. Костерин
Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, Новосибирск, Россия Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет, Новосибирск, Россия
Россия


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