Селективное культивирование бактериальных штаммов с липолитической и нефтеокисляющей активностью из донных осадков реки Оби в Западной Сибири

Бактерии играют ключевую роль в биогеохимических циклах природных и антропогенных экосистем. В речных экосистемах бактерии, как правило, интенсивно заселяют илистые отложения. Микроорганизмы имеют важное значение в преобразовании энергии и биотрансформации органических веществ. В связи с этим донные отложения, богатые органикой, могут являться источником выделения метаболически разнообразных микроорганизмов, в том числе перспективных для промышленных биотехнологий. Целью данного исследования было выделение и изучение чистых культур микроорганизмов – продуцентов промышленно значимых ферментов и деструкторов органических веществ из донных осадков р. Оби. В качестве субстратов для выделения накопительных и чистых культур использовали свиной жир и дизельное топливо для селективного культивирования бактерий с липолитической и углеводородокисляющей активностью. Всего получена 21 чистая культура. Филогенетическое положение бактериальных изолятов определено на основе анализа последовательностей генов 16S рРНК. Выделенные на селективных средах штаммы оказались представителями родов Pseudomonas и Aeromonas класса Gammaproteobacteria и рода Microvirgula класса Betaproteobacteria. Изучена способность штаммов к росту на плотных питательных средах со свиным жиром, оливковым маслом и дизельным топливом. Липолитическая активность штаммов подтверждена культивированием на диагностической среде с трибутирином. Обнаруженное в ходе исследований филогенетическое и метаболическое разнообразие культивируемых непатогенных бактериальных штаммов с липолитической и нефтеокисляющей активностью указывает на биотехнологический потенциал выделенных нами изолятов. Наиболее перспективными оказались штаммы M. aerodenitrificans sp. LM1 и P. lini sp. KGS5K3, которые не только проявили липолитическую активность на диагностической среде с трибутирином в широком диапазоне температур, но и утилизировали такие сложные органические субстраты, как дизельное топливо, свиной жир и оливковое масло.

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