Генетический полиморфизм локусов высокомолекулярных субъединиц глютенина у сортообразцов мягкой пшеницы Предуральской степной зоны

Высокомолекулярные глютенины играют важную роль в обеспечении хлебопекарных качеств зерна мягкой пшеницы Triticum aestivum L. Однако селекция мягкой пшеницы по данному признаку весьма трудоемка, поэтому большой интерес представляет генотипирование сортообразцов по аллельному составу генов высокомолекулярных глютенинов. Цель исследования состояла в определении состава субъединиц высокомолекулярных глютенинов на основе выявления аллельного состава генов Glu-1, а также в выявлении частоты встречаемости аллелей генов Glu-1 в сортообразцах мягкой пшеницы, находящихся в селекционной работе в Предуральской степной зоне (ПСЗ). Проанализированы 26 озимых и 22 яровых сортообразца мягкой пшеницы, находящихся в селекционной работе в ПСЗ, и 27 озимых и 20 яровых сортообразцов из коллекции ВИР. Анализ генотипов показал наличие 13 различных аллельных сочетаний генов Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1 в сортообразцах ПСЗ и 19 сочетаний – в сортообразцах ВИР. Самым распространенным для яровых сортов и линий ПСЗ оказалось сочетание аллелей b b/al/с d (Ax2* Вх7+Ву8/8*/9 Dx5+Dy10), для озимых – a с d (Ax1 Вх7+Ву9 Dx5+Dy10). Среди яровых сортообразцов коллекции ВИР с равной частотой встречались генотипы b с a (Ax2* Вх7+Ву9 Dx2+Dy12) и b с d (Ax2* Вх7+Ву9 Dx5+Dy10); в группе озимых сортов ВИР преобладал генотип a b/al d (Ax1 Вх7+Ву8/8* Dx5+Dy10). Наиболее предпочтительное в целях хлебопечения сочетание аллелей выявлено у ярового сорта Екатерина и озимых сортов Тарасовская 97, Волжская С3, а также у линий к-58164, Л43510, Л43709, Л-67, Л-83, которые рекомендуются для дальнейших селекционных программ по улучшению и сохранению хлебопекарных качеств в условиях Предуральской степной зоны.

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