Устойчивость проростков и взрослых растений к бурой ржавчине у некоторых линий болгарской мягкой пшеницы

Проверена реакция 250 селекционных линий мягкой озимой пшеницы на устойчивость к возбудителю Puccinia triticina в условиях инфекционного поля на территории Добруджанского сельскохозяйственного института (Генерал Тошево, Болгария) в течение трех сезонов. Отобрано 20 линий с разной степенью устойчивости в полевых условиях. Для изучения реакции этих линий на стадии проростков в тепличных условиях на отдельные патотипы Р. triticina использовали мультипатотипное тестирование. По реакции линий на стадии проростков и взрослых растений установлено, что 20 % из них обладают расоспецифической устойчивостью. Одна из линий (99/08-52) проявила полную устойчивость к патотипам, используемым в тепличных условиях. Ее реакция совпала с реакцией изогенных линий – носителей генов Lr9, Lr19, Lr22a, Lr22b и Lr25. Еще три линии (19/06-108, 82/08-43 и 82/08-35) показали резистентную реакцию на шесть или пять патотипов, использованных в исследовании. Их реакция частично совпала с реакцией пяти изогенных линий. Вероятно, некоторые из этих генов присутствуют у перечисленных выше линий. Линии-носители данного типа устойчивости подлежат дальнейшим генетико-селекционным исследованиям для подтверждения наличия расоспецифического гена. У 25 % линий частичная расоспецифическая устойчивость на стадии проростков сочеталась с устойчивостью расовой неспецифической природы на взрослой стадии. Из всех изученных линий 40 % обладали расовой неспецифической устойчивостью, а 15 % – устойчивостью типа slow rusting. По результатам наших исследований, линии, показавшие стабильную устойчивость к бурой ржавчине, могут быть включены в селекционные программы по созданию сортов, устойчивых к Р. triticina.

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