Молекулярно-цитологический анализ интрогрессивных линий, полученных от скрещивания мягкой пшеницы Triticum aestivum с T. dicoccum и T. Dicoccoides

Дикая и культурная полбы (ВВАА, 2n = 28) представляют значительный интерес для расширения генетического разнообразия мягкой пшеницы как источники генетических факторов, определяющих высокое содержание белка и микроэлементов в зерне и устойчивость ко многим биотическим и абиотическим факторам. Особое внимание к этим видам обусловлено их близким родством с Triticum aestivum, что облегчает межвидовую гибридизацию. Целью настоящей работы были анализ характера чужеродных интрогрессий у гибридных линий, полученных от скрещивания сортов мягкой пшеницы с T. dicoccoides и T. dicoccum, и оценка их влияния на цитологическую стабильность. Для установления локализации и протяженности фрагментов интрогрессии использовали С-бэндинг и генотипирование маркерами SNP и SSR. Оценку цитологической стабильности проводили на основе изучения поведения хромосом в микроспорогенезе. Молекулярно-цитогенетический анализ интрогрессивных линий пшеницы свидетельствует о том, что включение генетического материала дикой и культурной полб осуществляется преимущественно в виде целых плеч или крупных фрагментов в хромосомах генома В и менее протяженных вставок в геноме А. При этом наибольшая частота интрогрессий фрагментов генома полб наблюдалась в хромосомах 1А, 1В, 2В, 3В. Изучение заключительной стадии мейоза показало высокий уровень цитологической стабильности у большинства интрогрессивных линий пшеницы (мейотический индекс составил 83.0–99.0 %), что обеспечивает формирование у них функциональных гамет в количестве, достаточном для успешной репродукции. Данные линии представляют интерес для отбора перспективного материала с хозяйственно ценными признаками с последующим включением их в селекционный процесс.

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