Профиль экспрессии генов, связанных с регуляцией стресса, поведения и нейрогенеза, вдоль дорзовентральной оси в гиппокампе у взрослых ручных и агрессивных лисиц

Гиппокамп является ключевой структурой в регуляции стресс-ответа, который, по-видимому, снижен у домашних животных по сравнению с их дикими сородичами. Известно, что гиппокамп функционально неоднороден вдоль дорзовентральной оси, и в регуляции стресса в большей мере участвует вентральная часть. В серии экспериментов на уникальной селекционной модели одомашнивания животных – серебристо-черной лисице (Vulpes vulpes), включающей ручных, агрессивных и неселекционированных животных, ранее было показано снижение активности гипоталамо-гипофизарно-надпочечниковой системы во многих звеньях. Кроме того, известно, что уровень нейрогенеза в гиппокампе повышен у взрослых ручных лисиц, что может быть взаимосвязано со снижением уровня стресса. Тем не менее молекулярно-генетические механизмы снижения стресс-ответа у доместицированных животных по-прежнему не ясны. В настоящей работе выполнено сравнение мРНК 13 генов в дорзальном и вентральном гиппокампе и проведен анализ кортизола в крови у ручных, агрессивных и неселекционированных лисиц. Установлено, что на данном этапе доместикации стресс-индуцированный уровень кортизола у ручных, агрессивных и неселекционированных животных достоверно отличается друг от друга, причем у ручных животных он самый низкий, а у агрессивных – самый высокий. Выявлены достоверные различия в экспрессии 12 генов между дорзальной и вентральной частями гиппокампа, что в большинстве случаев соответствует аналогичным различиям, найденным у грызунов и человека. У ручных лисиц обнаружен достоверно повышенный уровень в дорзальном гиппокампе мРНК генов цитохрома P450 26B1 (CYP26B1) и адренергического рецептора α_1A (ADRA1A), а в вентральном гиппокампе – мРНК гена минералокортикоидного рецептора (NR3C2). Эти гены могут быть важной частью механизма снижения стресса по отношению к человеку и взаимосвязи регуляции стресса и нейрогенеза у взрослых ручных лисиц в частности и доместицированных животных вообще.

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