Новый ген опушения листа Hl1^th, интрогрессированный в мягкую пшеницу от Thinopyrum ponticum, и его фенотипическое проявление при гомеологичных хромосомных замещениях

На основе сорта яровой мягкой пшеницы Саратовская 29 (С29) были созданы голубозерные линии C29_4Th(4B) и C29_4Th(4D) с соответствующим замещением хромосом 4B и 4D хромосомой 4Th от пырея вида Thinopyrum ponticum. У этих линий опушение листа отличается от реципиента и различается между собой, в связи с чем нами проведено исследование эффекта замещений на проявление данного признака. Для количественной оценки опушения была применена программа LHDetect2, определяющая длину и число трихом на микрофотографиях. Опушение листа у сорта С29 определяется главным геном Hl1 в хромосоме 4B и еще одним геном со слабым эффектом с неизвестной хромосомной локализацией. Их взаимодействие приводит к формированию трихом длиной до 300 мкм. Замещение пары хромосом 4B на пару хромосом 4Th пырея модифицирует опушение листа у линии C29_4Th(4B). Характерное для сорта С29 опушение листа у линии C29_4Th(4B) становится реже, при этом образуются трихомы длиной до 600–700 мкм. Замещение гена Hl1 на Hl1th у линии C29_4Th(4B) также подтверждается аллельным состоянием сцепленного с геном Hl1 микросателлитного маркера Xgwm538. Нами была описана модификация опушения у замещенной линии C29_4Th(4D), где произошло замещение пары хромосом 4D, не содержащей гена опушения. Экспрессирующиеся совместно гены Hl1 и Hl1th у линии C29_4Th(4D) в хромосомах 4B и 4Th соответственно, формируют трихомы длиной более 400 мкм. Однако в таком генотипе снижается средняя длина трихом в сравнении с реципиентом. Таким образом, в результате проведенных исследований идентифицирован новый ген опушения листа, интрогрессированный из вида Th. ponticum в мягкую пшеницу, который мы обозначили как Hl1th. Для ведения отбора мы предлагаем использовать находящиеся в открытом доступе информативные микросателлитные маркеры Xgwm538 и Xgwm165, позволяющие различать хромосомы 4A, 4B, 4D и 4Th. 

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