Комплексный цитогенетический анализ кариотипов трех видов уток (шилохвость, кряква и обыкновенный гоголь) и эволюция кариотипов у представителей семейства Anatidae (Anseriformes, Aves)

Курообразные (Galliformes) и гусеобразные (Anseriformes) – две ветви группы Galloanserae, базальные по отношению к остальным Neognathae. В сравнении с Galliformes, эволюция кариотипов Anseriformes
недостаточно изучена. Настоящее исследование посвящено представителям гусеобразных и изменению их
хромосомных наборов в ходе эволюции. Была получена подробная информация о кариотипах (G-, C-бэндинг,
флуоресцентная гибридизация in situ) трех видов уток: шилохвости (Anas acuta, 2n = 80), кряквы (Anas platyrhynchos, 2n = 80) и обыкновенного гоголя (Bucephala clangula, 2n = 80). С использованием зондов, разработанных на основе сортированных хромосом авдотки (Burhinus oedicnemus, 2n = 42, Charadriiformes), были выявлены
районы гомологии на макрохромосомах и части микрохромосом уток. Изученные виды рода Anas имеют одинаковое число макрохромосом, при этом у B. clangula число крупных хромосом увеличено за счет двух разрывов
предковых элементов. В отличие от представителей Anas, у этого вида обнаружены массивные гетерохроматиновые блоки в большинстве крупных макроаутосом и в половых хромосомах. Данные хромосомного пэйнтинга
дополнены информацией о локализации рибосомной ДНК и амплификации теломерных повторов. Сравнительный анализ геномов с помощью приложения D-GENIES подтвердил высокий уровень консерватизма синтенных
групп у Anatidae. Полученные результаты расширили представление о преобразованиях макро- и половых хромосом Anseriformes в ходе эволюции.

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