Изменение длины теломер растений Arabidopsis thaliana в результате инфицирования фитопатогенными бактериями Pseudomonas syringae DC3000

Ключевым структурно-функциональным элементом, обеспечивающим стабильность генома большинства эукариот, являются теломеры – специализированные нуклеопротеиновые комплексы на физических концах линейных хромосом. Одна из важнейших характеристик теломер, определяющих их защитный потенциал, – длина теломерной ДНК. У растений Arabidopsis thaliana она варьирует среди экотипов, что может указывать на роль теломер в адаптации к различным условиям окружающей среды и стрессу, включая воздействие фитопатогенов. Однако механизмы регуляции длины теломер при биотическом стрессе остаются неизученными. В статье представлены результаты исследования зависимости длины теломер A. thaliana от инфицирования фитопатогенным штаммом Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. В работе использовались природные экотипы растений Col-0 (средняя длина теломер) и Sf-2 (длинные теломеры), а также мутантные линии с нарушением регуляции длины теломер и с теломерным фенотипом дикого типа, oli5-2^–/– и nop2c-2^–/– соответственно. Установлено, что восприимчивость к фитопатогену различается у растений разных генотипов: линия oli5-2^–/– с короткими теломерами проявляла наибольшую чувствительность, в том числе по сравнению с диким типом и линией nop2c-2^–/–, в то время как растения экотипа с длинными теломерами Sf-2 отличались наибольшей устойчивостью. Значимое укорочение длины теломер на третьи сутки после инфицирования было обнаружено на коротком плече хромосомы 4 у инфицированных растений линии nop2c-2^–/–, тогда как длина теломер инфицированных растений oli5-2^–/– незначительно сокращалась на третьи сутки и возрастала на седьмые сутки после инфицирования, что указывает на динамичность регуляции длины теломер при стрессе. Длина теломер растений дикого типа значительно не изменялась при инфицировании. Наиболее устойчивая линия Sf-2 сохраняла длину теломер на третьи и седьмые сутки после инфицирования, но на 18-е сутки происходило значительное укорочение теломер. Таким образом, впервые показано, что фитопатогенная инфекция влияет на длину теломер у растений, что открывает новое направление в изучении их регуляции при биотическом стрессе. 

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