Наследование признака «многоцветковость» у мягкой пшеницы и оценка продуктивности колоса гибридов F2

Оценивали параметры продуктивности колоса у растений сортов Новосибирская 67 (Н67), Саратовская 29 (С29), Puza-4 и «многоцветковой» линии Skle 123-09 в разные по условиям вегетации годы. Установлено, что у многоцветковой линии число зерен колоса и озерненность колоска достоверно выше, чем у сортов Н67, С29 и Puza-4, и проявление многоцветковости зависит как от условий вегетации, так и генотипа. Таким образом, «многоцветковость», или многозерность, – генетически обусловленный признак, с которым можно вести селекционную работу. При изучении популяций гибридов F2 С29×Skle123-09, Н67×Skle123-09, Р-4×Skle123-09 были выделены растения, обладающие веерообразными колосками и высокой озерненностью, как Skle 123-09, и имеющие наи- лучшие показатели других признаков колоса, как сорта-реципиенты. Семена этих растений будут использованы для закрепления признака «многоцветковость». С помощью двухфакторного дисперсионного анализа выявлено, что число завязавшихся зерен на колос зависит от условий выращивания, генотипа и их взаимодействия. Изменчивость признака «озерненность колоска» у засухоустойчивых сортов С29 и Puza-4 в основном зависит от генотипа, в меньшей степени от взаимодействия генотип × среда. У сорта Н67, созданного для условий Западной Сибири, – лишь от генотипа. На массу зерна колоса главным образом влияет взаимодействие генотип×среда (почти на 60 %), а влияние факторов А (генотип) и В (условия среды) оказалось в два раза меньше. На изменчивость признака «масса одной зерновки» у гибридов F2 С29×Skle123-09 и P-4×Skle 123-09 влияние оказывают факторы среды, генотип и их взаимодействие. Вклад генотипа составляет более 70 %, а у гибридов F2 H67×Skle 123-09 доля изменчивости наибольшая при взаимодействии генотип× ×среда и составляет 77 %.

мягкая пшеница, многоцветковость, дисперсионный анализ, изменчивость

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