Генетическое разнообразие растений-регенерантов пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.), созданных методом культуры пыльников

Изучено генетическое разнообразие растений-регенерантов пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.), которые созданы методом культуры пыльников из гибридов, используемых в селекции этой культуры в Латвии. Метод проточной цитометрии применяли для определения плоидности каждого зеленого растения-регенеранта. В свою очередь, универсальным iPBS (inter primer binding sites) методом, основанном на анализе характерных последовательностей ретротранспозонов, определяли генетическое разнообразие этих растений. Анализу подвергали потомство 13 гибридов различного происхождения. В листьях большинства растений были миксоплоидные клетки. Семена дали только растения, имеющие клетки с плоидностью 2n = 6x. Большинство фертильных растений содержало в листьях более чем 40 % гексаплоидных (6x) клеток. Доля гексаплоидных клеток и их распределение по плоидности зависели от генотипа материнского гибридного растения. Доля спонтанной диплоидизации также зависела от генотипа растения. В описываемом эксперименте колхицинирование не оказало достоверного влияния на выход фертильных растений. У одного гибридного растения обнаружена новая доминантная аллель, отсутствующая у обоих родителей, что указывает на возможное передвижение ретротранспозонов. Генетическое разнообразие растений-регенерантов, созданных методом культуры пыльников, вызвано как расщеплением родительских аллелей, так и сомаклональной изменчивостью.

культура пыльников, ДГ-линии, селекция пшеницы, плоидность, проточная цитометрия, iPBS

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