Разнообразие и распространение мобильных генетических элементов в геномах морских беспозвоночных

Мобильные генетические элементы (МГЭ) играют большую роль в изменении структуры генома и экспрессии генов. Все многообразие МГЭ подразделяется на два класса – ретротранспозоны и ДНК-транспозоны. У морских беспозвоночных МГЭ представлены последовательностями обоих классов, и они обнаружены в геномах видов всех основных таксонов этой группы животных. Среди представителей типа кишечнополостные (Cnidaria) в литературе описаны МГЭ у видов Aurelia aurita, Acropora millepora, A. palmata, A. digitifera, Nematostella vectensis. МГЭ среди плоских червей (Platyhelminthes) изучены у двух видов - Stylochus zebra и Bdelloura candida, а среди Кольчатых червей (Annelida) у вида Capitella capitata. Иглокожие (Echinodermata) в работе представлены видами Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, S. franciscanus, S. drobachiensis, Tripneustes gratilla, Lytechinus pictus, L. variegatus, Arbacia punctulata и Eucidaris tribuloides. Представленность МГЭ у моллюсков (Mollusca) изучена на примерах видов Mytilus galloprovincialis, Chione cancellata, Crassostrea gigas, C. virginica, Anadara trapezia, Aplysia californica, Gibbula cineraria, Littorina littorea и L. saxatilis. Наиболее изучено распространение МГЭ у типа Членистоногие (Arthropoda), этот таксон представлен работами по видам Bythograea thermydron, Ventiella sulfuris, Maia brachydactila, Cancer pagurus, Pachygrapsus marmoratus, Penaeus monodon, P. vannamei, Litopenaeus stylirostris, Agononida laurentae, Galathea squamifera, Munida acantha, M. thoe, M. gregaria, M. zebra и Munidopsis recta, Eumunida annulosa, E. sternomaculata и Rimicaris exoculata. Часть хордовых (Chordata), не относящихся к подтипу Vertebrata, была исследована на предмет содержания МГЭ; изучались геномы видов Ciona intestinalis, Oikopleura dioica и Branchiostoma floridae. Рассмотрено разнообразие МГЭ, их свойства и роль в преобразовании структуры и изменении функции генов и геномов, в онтогенезе и в эволюции.

ДНК, геном, мобильные генетические элементы, транспозоны, ретротранспозоны, изменчивость, биологическое разнообразие, вид, гидробионты, морские беспозвоночные

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