Социальное поведение и пространственная ориентация у линий крыс с генетической предрасположенностью к кататонии (ГК) и стереотипиям (МД)

Различные психопатологии, включая шизофрению, биполярное расстройство и большое депрессивное расстройство, ассоциированы с отклонениями в социальном поведении и обучении. Одним из синдромов, который также может иметь место при этих расстройствах, является кататония. Кататония психомоторное расстройство, при котором могут наблюдаться двигательное возбуждение, стереотипии, ступор, в том числе с явлением «восковой гибкости» (каталепсии). Крысы с генетической кататонией (ГК) и маятникообразными стереотипными движениями (МД) имеют физиологические и поведенческие изменения, сходные с наблюдаемыми при шизофрении и депрессии у человека, и могут рассматриваться как неполные экспериментальные модели этих патологий. Социальное поведение крыс линий ГК и МД ранее не было исследовано, также недостаточно изучены когнитивные способности животных данных линий. Чтобы определить, имеются ли изменения в социальном поведении и пространственном обучении у крыс линий ГК и МД, было проведено их поведенческое фенотипирование в тесте «резидент-интрудер», трехкамерном тесте и лабиринте Барнс. В нашей работе показаны некоторые отклонения в социальном поведении, такие как усиление оборонительной агрессии у крыс МД, увеличение или уменьшение уровня социальных взаимодействий в зависимости от условий тестирования у крыс ГК. Кроме того, анализ главных компонент выявил отрицательную связь между кататоническим застыванием и индексом социальности в трехкамерном тесте. Снижение двигательной активности крыс ГК может негативно влиять на выполнение заданий по оценке пространственной памяти. Показано, что крысы МД не используют пространственную стратегию в лабиринте Барнс, что может указывать на нарушение обучения и пространственной памяти.

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