Пребридинговые исследования устойчивой к листовой ржавчине Triticum aestivum/T. timopheevii линии Л624

Вид Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. привлекает внимание селекционеров мягкой пшеницы высоким иммунитетом к возбудителю листовой ржавчины. Однако интрогрессии от этого вида в T. aestivum L. мало используются в практической селекции. В представленном исследовании изучена агрономическая ценность T. aestivum/T. timopheevii линии Л624 по сравнению с родительскими сортами Саратовская 68, Добрыня и сортом-стандартом Фаворит в течение 2017–2022 гг. Интрогрессии от T. timopheevii у Л624 выявлены с помощью метода FISH с зондами pSc119.2, pAs1 и Spelt1, а также микросателлитных маркеров Xgwm312, Xgpw4480 и Xksum73. Обнаружены транслокации 2AS.2AL-2A^tL и в длинном плече хромосомы 2D. Линия Л624 высокоустойчива к Puccinia triticina как на фоне естественной эпифитотии, так и в лабораторных условиях. С использованием ПЦР-анализа с ДНК-маркером гена LrTt1 (Xgwm312) установлена его неидентичность Lr-гену(ам) у ли нии Л624. По данным пятилетнего изучения, урожайность зерна у Л624 была в среднем выше, чем у сортов Фаворит и Добрыня, но ниже, чем у сорта Саратовская 68. По массе 1000 зерен Л624 уступала реципиентам и была одного уровня с сортом-стандартом Фаворит. Интрогрессии от T. timopheevii у Л624 увеличили содержание белка в зерне по сравнению с сортами Саратовская 68 и Фаворит, но с сортом Добрыня оно было на одном уровне. В целом по показателям качества муки и хлеба линия Л624 не уступила сортам-реципиентам, а по объему и пористости хлеба превзошла Саратовскую 68. В то же время Л624 превышала сорт-стандарт Фаворит по упругости теста, отношению упругости теста к растяжимости и силе муки. Таким образом, полученные результаты позволяют сделать предположение, что интрогрессии в хромосомах 2А и 2D у линии Л624 не ухудшают хлебопекарные свойства.

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